Cutaneous leishmaniasis in patients in treatment with anti-TNF-α drugs. Study of 20 cases from a single institution

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the European Mediterranean basin usually presents with discrete self-healing skin lesions. In patients treated with anti-TNF drugs leishmaniasis usually presents with large and persistent cutaneous lesions. With the widespread use of anti-TNF drugs, an increase of severe leishmaniasis in endemic regions and the emergence of cases in non-Mediterranean European countries are to be expected.