Estimate risk difference and number needed to treat in survival analysis.

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2018
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Abstract
The hazard ratio (HR) is a measure of instantaneous relative risk of an increase in one unit of the covariate of interest, which is widely reported in clinical researches involving time-to-event data. However, the measure fails to capture absolute risk reduction. Other measures such as number needed to treat (NNT) and risk difference (RD) provide another perspective on the effectiveness of an intervention, and can facilitate clinical decision making. The article aims to provide a step-by-step tutorial on how to compute RD and NNT in survival analysis with R. For simplicity, only one measure (RD or NNT) needs to be illustrated, because the other measure is a reverse of the illustrated one (NNT=1/RD). An artificial dataset is composed by using the package. RD and NNT are estimated with Austin method after fitting a Cox-proportional hazard regression model. The confidence intervals can be estimated using bootstrap method. Alternatively, if the standard errors (SEs) of the survival probabilities of the treated and control group are given, confidence intervals can be estimated using algebraic calculations. The pseudo-value model provides another method to estimate RD and NNT. Details of R code and its output are shown and explained in the main text.
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zhang2018estimateannals Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Zhang, Zhongheng;Ambrogi, Federico;Bokov, Alex F;Gu, Hongqiu;de Beurs, Edwin;Eskaf, Khaled;
Journal annals of translational medicine
Year 2018
DOI
10.21037/atm.2018.01.36
URL
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