Genetic markers of stomatal cluster development in Begoniaceae revealed through trait analysis assisted by interactive deep-learning

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ID: 320868
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Stomata of plants track the immediate demand for carbon dioxide for photosynthesis while limiting transpirational water loss. Solitary stomatal patterns are common, yet some land plants develop non-contiguous stomatal clustering where two or more stomata occur in groups and overlay a single air cavity. Clustering improves stomatal efficiency, reduces plant water-use and increases resilience to environment stress. How cluster development and physiology interact and integrate with the environment are open questions. Here we used TESSERA, a deep-learning platform for stomatal detection with an interactive interface for data review. Tracking Begonia stomatal clustering patterns across various Begonias we uncovered correlations for stomatal clustering traits. The stomatal parameter data was applied to identify genetic loci involved in Begonia stomatal development using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Combined with differential gene expression (DEG) to refine the candidate list, our analysis reveals known and potential new Begonia candidates in stomatal development. As a test of this knowledge, we cloned Begonia SPEECHLESS (BegSPCH), a loci identified in this screen and an established development-related gene in Arabidopsis. Unexpectedly, Arabidopsis spch-3 mutants transformed to express BegSPCH, but not AtSPCH, developed stomatal clusters. Thus, various molecular and environmental factors likely overlay transcriptional regulation in stomatal development.
Reference Key
openalex_W7168141267 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Thu Ly, Bryan M. Williams, Abhijit Karnik, Catherine Kidner, Rucha Karnik
Journal Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/plphys/kiag496
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag496
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