Protein Turnover in Plants – Cost of Synthesis, Repair and Crop Engineering Opportunities

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ID: 320075
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Protein lifespan is shaped by plant developmental stage and cellular requirements; both are fairly well understood processes. Beyond regulated degradation, chemical damage is another major cause of protein turnover, yet it is an understudied area in plant biology and crop engineering. The associated respiratory costs limit harvestable crop yield because the degradation and resynthesis of inactivated proteins consume carbon that then cannot be used for biomass production. Approximately half of the carbon fixed by plants is lost through respiration; of that protein turnover makes ∼25-40%. In this review, we examine the importance of spontaneous protein modifications arising under both optimal and environmental stress conditions; the latter can elevate protein turnover costs, negatively impacting crop yield. While homeostasis of most proteins following damage is likely maintained via de novo synthesis, some molecular mechanisms exist in cells to prevent and repair protein damage. They offer a substantial energetic advantage over resynthesis. We illustrate these benefits with specific examples and quantify their associated costs. Finally, understanding the causes, energetic consequences, and repair mechanisms of protein damage can inform strategies to improve crop performance. We suggest potential protein targets and synthetic biology approaches to be exploited for future crop engineering.
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openalex_W7167685487 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Anastasia J I Högerl, Sudarshan Gnanamani, Ulschan Bathe
Journal Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/plphys/kiag481
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag481
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