Long-term Cancer Risk in Acromegaly: A Population-Based Cohort Study with 44 Years of Follow-up

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ID: 319785
2026
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer risk in acromegaly remains debated, with studies showing both increased and similar risk compared to the background population. We conducted a nationwide cohort study examining the risk of cancer and benign colorectal lesions in acromegaly patients. METHODS: The study included acromegaly patients diagnosed in Denmark (1977-2021, n = 809, median follow-up 12.2 [IQR: 5.6-21.7] years (range: 0.04-44.0) and controls matched on sex and birth year (n = 80,900). All diagnoses of acromegaly were biochemically validated. We investigated the occurrence of cancer diagnoses, benign colorectal lesions, performance of colonoscopies and mortality with time-to-event statistics and logistic regression. FINDINGS: Overall cancer risk was not clearly increased (IRR: 1.10 [0.93;1.30], p = 0.27), but patients with acromegaly had an increased risk of colorectal cancer (IRR: 1.78 [1.22;2.60], p < 0.01) and thyroid cancer (IRR: 3.68 [1.16;11.66], p = 0.03). Colorectal cancers were more often localized (IRR: 2.00 [1.21;3.30], p = 0.007) as compared to controls, and the use of endoscopic colorectal procedures was increased (IRR: 2.85 [2.54;3.19], p < 0.01). The incidence of benign colorectal lesions was elevated in acromegaly patients (IRR: 2.32 [1.96;2.76], p < 0.01) and dominated by tubular adenomas (43.6%) and hyperplastic polyps (33.2%). Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening and clinical suspicion guided the use of colonoscopies, rather than systematic colonoscopy screening.All-cause mortality was elevated in acromegaly (IRR: 1.18 [1.02; 1.36], p = 0.03), but cancer-specific mortality was not (IRR: 0.95 [0.72;1.25], p = 0.72). INTERPRETATION: Acromegaly carries an increased risk of colorectal cancer, but neither overall cancer risk, nor cancer-specific mortality are increased.
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Authors Christian Rosendal, Mai Christiansen Arlien-Søborg, Marianne Skovsager Andersen, Claus Larsen Feltoft, Marianne Klose, Niels Henrik Bruun, Eigil Husted Nielsen, Olaf M. Dekkers, Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen, Jakob Dal
Journal european journal of endocrinology
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ejendo/lvag121
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