Brain age gap as a diffusion MRI-based marker of traumatic brain injury-related brain changes and associated outcomes

Clicks: 1
ID: 319186
2026
Free PDF
Article Quality & Performance Metrics
Overall Quality
Not rated
Combines reader engagement with the AI quality analysis. This article has not been analysed, so there is no overall score — reader engagement is measured and shown alongside.
AI Quality Assessment
Not analyzed
Readership in this journal

Ranked #65 of 113 articles by views in Brain communications

Most read Least read

Bar heights use a square-root scale.

Mint this article as an NFT
Not yet minted

Create a permanent, verifiable on-chain record of this article on the Scimatic Network. The NFT is held in your Journament account, and you can withdraw it to your own wallet at any time.

5 SUSD one-off · no wallet required
Sign in to mint
Abstract
Abstract Traumatic brain injury is a common neurological disorder and a leading cause of long-term disability, presenting with heterogeneous cognitive, emotional, and functional impairments. A critical clinical challenge is the early identification of patients at risk for persistent symptoms. The Brain Age Gap (BAG), the difference between an individual’s predicted brain age from imaging data and their chronological age, has emerged as a potential marker of injury-related brain changes. Here, we aim to evaluate diffusion-MRI-derived BAG for identifying traumatic brain injury patients (Glasgow Coma Scale 13–15) at risk for persistent symptoms. For this, we trained a normative age-prediction model on >13,000 healthy controls, and applied it to traumatic brain injury patients.. We associated BAG clinical scores that evaluate processing speed and executive function (Trail Making Test Parts A and B \), verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), general processing speed (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), post-concussion symptoms (Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire), psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory-18), and insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index). Analyses included: (i) cross-sectional comparisons across three BAG-based subgroups: BAG+, BAGn, and BAG−, representing patients with higher, neutral, and lower BAGs relative to healthy controls. (ii) longitudinal linear mixed-effects models evaluating BAG measured at 2-weeks post-injury (BAG2wk) in symptom trajectories, and (iii) prognostic logistic regression for prespecified poor 12-month outcomes. All statistical analyses were performed using Python libraries, including SciPy and Statsmodels. The age-prediction model demonstrated high accuracy and reliability (mean absolute error=3.05±3.67 years; intra-class correlation=0.93). Cross-sectionally, higher BAG was associated with greater symptom burden. Compared with BAG− patients, those in the BAG+ subgroup reported higher Insomnia Severity Index (d=0.411; p=0.038) and Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire scores (d=0.415; p=0.038). Similarly, BAGn patients showed higher Brief Symptom Inventory (d=−0.419; p=0.040), Insomnia Severity Index (d=−0.382; p=0.038), and Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (d =−0.525; p=0.002) scores relative to BAG−. Longitudinally, higher BAG2wk was associated with worse Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (β=0.195, 95% CI[0.093, 0.297]; partial R2=0.017; p=0.0016) and worse Insomnia Severity Index (β=0.107, 95% CI[0.033, 0.181]; partial R2=0.010; p=0.0196) without time interaction. BAG2wk modified change over time in Trail Making Test Parts A, (β=0.017, 95% CI 0.002–0.056; partial R2=0.043; p=0.016). Finally, adding BAG2wk into the prognostic model yielded a significant improvement in 12-month outcome prediction (likelihood-ratio test = 6.40; p = 0.011). Together, these findings indicate that diffusion-MRI-derived BAG is a robust and reproducible biomarker that captures clinically meaningful heterogeneity as early as two weeks post-injury. Rodrigues et al. present a diffusion-MRI–derived brain age gap as an early biomarker of clinical outcomes following traumatic brain injury. Elevated brain age gap measured two weeks post-injury was associated with greater symptom burden, poorer cognitive recovery, and more accurate prediction of 12-month post-injury cognitive outcome.
Reference Key
openalex_W7166814952 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Livia Rodrigues, Drew Parker, Nima Broomand Lomer, Alexa E. Walter, Daniel Brennan, Douglas H. Smith, J. Ware, Andrea Schneider, Ramon Diaz Arrastia, Ragini Verma
Journal Brain communications
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/braincomms/fcag254
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag254
Keywords Keywords not found

Citations

No citations found. To add a citation, contact the admin at info@scimatic.org

Comments

No comments yet. Be the first to comment on this article.