Metastable Azobenzene Nanotoroids as Kinetic Reservoirs for Seeded and Photoinduced Gelation

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ID: 319083
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Cyclic molecules and supramolecular assemblies play important roles in both covalent and supramolecular polymerization because their distinctive topology eliminates chain ends and thereby suppresses one-dimensional elongation pathways. Here we show that larger, mesoscopic cyclic supramolecular assemblies function as off-pathway kinetic traps that inhibit supramolecular polymerization by virtue of their high kinetic stability. We previously reported that an azobenzene dyad bearing amide hydrogen-bonding sites forms exceptionally stable cyclic assemblies (nanotoroids). In the present work, relocating the amide groups renders the nanotoroids metastable: after an induction period they ultimately convert into supramolecular fibers. At high concentrations the nanotoroids remain remarkably stable and resist transformation; however, addition of fiber seeds triggers fiber growth and gelation. Moreover, UV-induced trans→cis isomerization of the azobenzene units collapses the nanotoroids and promotes fiber growth through the formation of short fibrous species, leading to gel formation. This system therefore constitutes a rare case in which generation of the assembly-inactive cis-isomer induces gelation, offering a new design principle for off-pathway trapping strategies that leverage cyclic mesoscopic architectures.
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Authors Natsuki Suda, Sougata Datta, Hiroki Hanayama, Takashi Kajitani, Shiki Yagai
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Journal bulletin of the chemical society of japan
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/bulcsj/uoag090
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/bulcsj/uoag090
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