Campylobacter spp. bloodstream infections in immunocompetent vs. immunocompromised patients: A Multinational Cohort Study (2009-2024)
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ID: 318337
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Objectives Campylobacter spp. bloodstream infections (BSIs) are an emerging clinical challenge, yet information on their clinical features remains limited. We aimed to evaluate their differential clinical characteristics and outcomes in immunocompetent (IC) and immunocompromised (ID) patients. Methods A multicenter, multinational, retrospective cohort study of consecutive Campylobacter spp. BSI between 2009 and 2024 was carried out. Demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), types of immunodeficiencies, clinical characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility were analyzed. Primary outcomes were relapse or reinfections and all-cause mortality. Results Two hundreds and sixty-one episodes were included, 89 (34.1%) in IC and 172 (65.9%) in ID patients. Among the 172 ID patients, 104 (60.5%) and 68 (39.5%) had humoral and non-humoral (primary or secondary), and 42 (24.4%) primary immunodeficiencies (PID). Patients with humoral-ID were younger (median years 40; IQR: 23–66), with lower CCI (2; IQR:1–5), and had higher frequency of previous Campylobacter spp. infection. Resistance rates to fluoroquinolones (75%) and macrolides (14.5%) were high. BSI relapse or reinfection occurred in 21 (8.0%) patients, mostly with humoral-ID (N=19, 18.3%), 11 (57.9%) of whom with PID. Thirty-day all-cause mortality occurred in 26 (9.9%) patients across the entire cohort; mortality was lower among humoral-ID (N=5, 4.8%) than in IC (N=12, 13.5%; p=0.05) patients. Conclusions Patients with humoral-ID and Campylobacter spp. BSI were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and C. coli represented the more frequent species. Relapse or reinfection was common in humoral-ID, particularly those with PID. The antimicrobial resistance in C. coli and C. jejuni arise a clinical concern.
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| Authors | María Paniagua‐García, José Manuel Bernal-Aznar, Effrossyni Gkrania‐Klotsas, Isobel Soper, Maria Lluïsa Pedro-Botet Montoya, Esteban Reynaga, Adoración Valiente, María Carmen Domínguez-Jiménez, Andrea Lombardi, Maria Navarro, Fernando Cobo, Maristela Pinheiro Freire, Ana Verónica Halperín, Laia Alsina, Marguax Garzaro, Silvia Castro Caruso Christ, Júlia Laporte-Amargós, Enrique Ruiz de Gopegui-Bordes, Luis Martı́nez-Martı́nez, M R de Oliveira, Victoria García–López, Francisco Javier Martínez‐Marcos, Emilio Cendejas, Alfonso del Arco-Jiménez, Mónica Chávez-Caballero, Salvador López-Cárdenas, Manuel Rodríguez‐Iglesias, Carla Andrea Alonso, Maddalena Giannella, Adelina Gimeno, Marta Suero, Silvia Jiménez‐Jorge, Jerónimo Pachón, María Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez, Elisa Cordero, Soraya Herrera-Espejo, Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre, Javier Díez de los Ríos, Miguel Blázquez Fraile, M Dolores Quesada, Miguel Angel López-Zúñiga, Alba Royo-Moreno, Celia Martí-Castellote, Manuel Monsonis-Cabed, Guillem López de Egea, María Ángeles Galán-Ladero, Andrea Prolo-Acosta, José María García de Lomas-Guerrero, Gabriel Sena‐Corrales, José Antonio Girón-González, Fátima Galán‐Sánchez, Márcia Halpern, Mariana Fernández-Pittol, Mohamed Omar Mohamed-Balghata, Sofie Winderickx, Alberto Romero-Palacios |
| Journal | Open forum infectious diseases |
| Year | 2026 |
| DOI |
10.1093/ofid/ofag380
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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