Secondary oral vancomycin prophylaxis and Clostridioides difficile infection in children and young adults with cancer: a retrospective cohort study

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ID: 318085
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Background Secondary oral vancomycin prophylaxis has been reported to reduce rates of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in adult patients. There are limited data in pediatrics. This study sought to assess the impact of secondary oral vancomycin prophylaxis (OVP) during broad-spectrum antibiotic administration in reducing CDI in children and young adults with cancer. Methods This was a retrospective study of children and young adults with cancer with primary CDI episode treated from 2017-2024. To determine the causal impact of secondary oral vancomycin prophylaxis during antibiotic administration to prevent CDI in the six months after the primary episode, propensity score matching and weighted generalized estimating equations (GEE) were performed. Results The initial cohort included 163 patients who experienced primary CDI. After exclusions, 72 patients received 150 courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics within six months following their initial infection. Fifteen patients received 27 episodes of OVP. CDI were not significantly decreased, occurring in 22/123 (17.9%) courses in patients who did not receive OVP and 2/27 (7.4%) in courses with prophylaxis. Propensity score matching resulted in 49 broad-spectrum antibiotic episodes from 19 patients, forming 11 matched sets. Receipt of OVP was significantly associated with reduced risk of CDI (adjusted OR 0.074, 95% CI 0.01, 0.54). Discussion In this single-center retrospective study of children and young adults with cancer with primary CDI, receipt of OVP was significantly associated with reduced risk of CDI recurrence when receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Given the small sample size and likely residual confounding, these findings should be considered hypothesis-generating pending confirmation in larger studies.
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Authors Isabela DeJohn, C LIU, Caitlin Brammer, Maryam Mysorewala, Joshua Courter, Justin Markham, Soumya Jaiswal, Grant Paulsen, Lara Danziger‐Isakov, W Otto
Journal Open forum infectious diseases
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ofid/ofag365
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag365
Keywords Keywords not found

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