Effector Fg34 Triggers TaHRC-R-Mediated Calcium Signaling to Bolster Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat

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ID: 317509
2026
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Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), one of the most devastating diseases affecting wheat, is primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum. The TaHRC gene (also designated Fhb1), encoding a histidine-rich calcium-binding protein, exists as two allelic variants, TaHRC-R (resistant) and TaHRC-S (susceptible), which are widely present in wheat cultivars. However, the role of TaHRC in FHB resistance remains controversial. In this study, we demonstrated that TaHRC physically interacts with Fg34, a secreted effector protein of F. graminearum. This interaction induced a translocation of TaHRC-R from the nucleus to the cytoplasmic membrane, thereby enhancing FHB resistance. In contrast, TaHRC-S retained nuclear localization and conferred susceptibility. In this study, we demonstrate that TaHRC physically interacts with Fg34, a secreted effector protein of F. graminearum. This interaction triggers the translocation of TaHRC-R from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, thereby enhancing resistance to FHB. In contrast, TaHRC-S remains localized in the nucleus and confers susceptibility. Notably, this is the first report of a direct physical interaction between TaHRC and a Fusarium-derived effector. The TaHRC-R/Fg34 complex elevates intracellular Ca2+ levels, activating calcium signaling pathways that reinforce FHB resistance. Furthermore, Fg34 also binds to TaCBL4, forming a ternary complex with TaCIPK5 that enhances TaCIPK5 kinase activity, leading to increased phosphorylation of TaRBOHB. Collectively, these findings elucidate a novel calcium-signal-dependent mechanism potentially mediated by TaHRC underlying Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. These discoveries deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Fusarium head blight resistance and provide a theoretical foundation for developing breeding strategies for durable disease resistance.
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openalex_W7164933506 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Long-Shen Wang, Gong Da-Chun, Yang Zhi, Xin-Ru Cui, Ke Si-Tong, Bai-Xue Wang, Zhan Zhi-chun, Mei Yan-Zhen, Chuan‐Chao Dai
Journal Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/plphys/kiag371
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag371
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