Handling of multicohort data in pooled analysis of environmental exposures: confounding by cohort of the relationship between perfluoroalkyl substances and birthweight in the ECHO Program

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ID: 317042
2026
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Abstract
The relationship between exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and birthweight remains unclear. Pooling data across multiple cohorts can increase power, leading to more representative populations and exposure distributions, but confounding by cohort can be a major source of bias. To understand this potential bias, we assessed the relationship between exposure to five PFAS and birthweight utilizing data from 5480 mother-infant dyads across 17 Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort sites. The relationship was assessed in several ways: covariate-adjusted models without cohort adjustment as well as adjustment via fixed and random effects. Findings from analysis with cohort adjustment resulted in significantly inverse relationships for four of the five PFAS considered. Adjustment via fixed and random effects produced similar findings. Failure to adjust for cohort resulted in bias of varying direction and magnitude depending on the PFAS considered. Results were supported in simulated data. In this study, we saw evidence of confounding bias by cohort even after adjustment for covariates, while adjustment by both fixed and random effects for cohort resulted in comparable results.
Reference Key
openalex_W7164335494 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Andreas M. Neophytou, S. L. Magzamen, Brianna F. Moore, Akram Alshawabkeh, Carrie V. Breton, Alison E. Hipwell, Kristen Lyall, John D. Meeker, Thomas G O’Connor, E Oken, Rita Strakovsky, Dana Dabelea
Journal american journal of epidemiology
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/aje/kwag131
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag131
Keywords Keywords not found

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