Region II of FERROCHELATASE 2 promotes the development and proliferation of chloroplasts in Arabidopsis and Chinese cabbage

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2026
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Abstract
Increases in chloroplast activity will lead to increases in the qualities and yields of crop plants. A variant of a subspecies of Brassica rapa named wutacai from the Yangtze River Basin accumulates relatively high levels of chlorophyll and thus may contribute to our understanding of mechanisms that control chlorophyll and chloroplast content in plants. To test this idea, we crossed a dark Chinese cabbage probably derived from wutacai with a variety of Chinese cabbage that accumulates less chlorophyll. Our characterization of the progeny indicated that two genes, DARK WUTACAI LEAF (DWL) 1 and DWL2, explain most of the variation in chlorophyll content. We mapped a semidominant allele of DWL1 to a 150-kb interval. Although we expected to find a mutation in a gene from dark Chinese cabbage, we instead found a missense mutation in the FERROCHELATASE 2 (FC2) gene from the pale variety of Chinese cabbage. This mutation leads to a G411R substitution in a poorly understood domain named region II that was reported to promote ferrochelatase activity and stability. However, the G411R substitution did not influence the catalytic parameters of FC2. High-level expression of FC2 from Chinese cabbage in Arabidopsis reduced the proliferation of chloroplasts, attenuated the development of the thylakoid membranes, and led to chlorophyll deficiencies but did not reduce heme content or the levels of cytochromes in the thylakoid membranes. Our data indicate that the G411R substitution influences an activity unrelated to FC2 activity that is critical for the development and proliferation of chloroplasts in leaves.
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Authors Lijuan Song, Lingling Zhu, Dong Wang, Ben Song, F S Li, Hanhui Kuang, Robert M. Larkin
Journal Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/plphys/kiag340
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag340
Keywords Keywords not found

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