Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon in Very Early Limited Systemic Sclerosis: A Clinical Image

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ID: 314180
2026
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Abstract
Raynaud’s phenomenon is a common and often early manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc), reflecting dysregulated vascular tone and structural microangiopathy. It is characterized by episodic digital ischemia with pallor, cyanosis, and reactive erythema, typically precipitated by cold exposure or emotional stress. In this context, Raynaud’s is frequently severe and may be complicated by digital ulceration or tissue loss. The accompanying image (Figure 1) contrasts the hand of an 86-year-old man with longstanding Raynaud’s (left) with that of his wife (right), who has no history of Raynaud’s, demonstrating striking color change and trophic alterations. Antinuclear antibody testing revealed a centromere pattern, consistent with limited SSc, with confirmed anticentromere antibody positivity. Nailfold capillaroscopy typically demonstrates capillary dilatation, dropout, and microhemorrhages. Pathophysiology is driven by endothelial dysfunction, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, and increased endothelin-1–mediated vasoconstriction. Management includes avoidance of triggers and vasodilator therapy, most commonly dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers, with escalation to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors or prostacyclin analogues in more severe disease. Ongoing surveillance is essential, incorporating serial respiratory function tests and transthoracic echocardiography to screen for pulmonary hypertension, with high-resolution computed tomography considered to evaluate for evolving interstitial lung disease.
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sia2026secondary Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Robin Sia
Journal Yemen Journal of Medicine
Year 2026
DOI
10.63475/yjm.v5i1.0392
URL
Keywords Keywords not found

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