Mesothelial Cell–Rich Tuberculous Pleuroperitoneal Effusion in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Diagnostic Pitfall

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ID: 314171
2026
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Abstract
Tuberculous pleural effusion typically presents as an exudative effusion characterized by lymphocytic predominance and a notable scarcity of mesothelial cells, with studies confirming that pleural fluid from tuberculous patients rarely contains more than 5% mesothelial cells. We present a case of an immunocompetent patient who presented with concurrent ascites and rightsided exudative pleural effusion, both featuring elevated mesothelial cell counts. This finding represents a diagnostic pitfall, as high mesothelial cell counts often divert clinical suspicion toward malignancy or acute pleuritis rather than infection. Subsequent investigations, including peritoneal biopsy, confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The patient was started on antituberculous
Reference Key
sulaiman2026mesothelial Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Theeb Osama Sulaiman, Ebtihal Abdelmoneim Hassan
Journal Yemen Journal of Medicine
Year 2026
DOI
10.63475/yjm.v5i1.0312
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