Environmental and Molecular Determinants of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Evidence from Cosmetic-Derived Endocrine Disruption in Nigerian Women
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ID: 314167
2026
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Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5% to 10% of reproductive-age women globally, with rising prevalence suggesting environmental contributions beyond genetic predisposition. This study investigated cosmetic-derived endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) exposure as a modifiable environmental risk factor for PCOS.
Methods: We conducted a case-control analysis nested within a cross-sectional study of 126 women in Edo State, Nigeria. Cases were cosmetic users with PCOS (n = 42), while controls included cosmetic users without PCOS (n = 42) and non-cosmetic users (n = 42). Environmental exposure patterns, hormonal profiles, and genetic markers were analyzed to identify risk factors for PCOS development.
Results: PCOS prevalence among cosmetic users was 50% (42/84), representing a 4-fold increase over population estimates (12%–14%) in Nigeria. Cosmetic use duration >3 years was associated with increased PCOS risk (odds ratio [OR] = 3.8 [95% CI, 1.9–7.6]; P < 0.001). Daily use of >5 products further elevated risk (OR = 2.7 [95% CI, 1.4–5.2]; P = 0.003). Androgen receptor gene upregulation was equally prevalent in PCOS and non-PCOS cosmetic users (61.9%), suggesting early molecular changes preceding clinical manifestations.
Conclusions: Cosmetic-derived EDC exposure represents a significant modifiable environmental risk factor for PCOS. These findings support targeted prevention strategies and regulatory oversight of cosmetic ingredients to reduce disease burden.
| Reference Key |
2026environmental
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| Authors | Ijeoma Evangeline Umeche, Mathew Folaranmi Olaniyan, Uchechukwu Christiana Umeche, Nkiruka Chinenye Nwoka |
| Journal | Yemen Journal of Medicine |
| Year | 2026 |
| DOI |
10.63475/yjm.v5i1.0287
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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