COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy and postpartum and human milk feeding non-initiation and discontinuation

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ID: 313593
2026
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Abstract
Empirical evidence on COVID-19 vaccination and lactation-related outcomes remains limited. We used electronic health record data from four US healthcare systems to assess the association between COVID-19 vaccination and milk feeding outcomes. We included pregnant persons with a live birth between December 2020-September 2022 with infant linkage. We assessed two COVID-19 vaccination exposure windows-during pregnancy (≥20 weeks gestation vs no vaccination during pregnancy) or postpartum (<7 months after delivery vs none). We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and human milk feeding non-initiation and discontinuation, and we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for postpartum COVID-19 vaccination and human milk feeding discontinuation. In the study population used to assess pregnancy exposure(n = 10 757), 4.2% of birthing parents did not initiate human milk feeding. Non-initiation did not differ by vaccination during pregnancy (aPR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.01). Antenatal vaccination was not associated with human milk feeding discontinuation at two and six months after delivery. In the study population used to assess postpartum exposure (n = 17 161), human milk feeding discontinuation did not differ by postpartum vaccination (aHR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.95-1.11). COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy and postpartum were not associated with human milk feeding discontinuation.
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Authors Elisabeth Brandstetter Figueroa, Gabriela Vazquez‐Benitez, Kirsten Ehresmann, Elisabeth M. Seburg, Yihe G. Daida, Kimberly K. Vesco, Abbey Sidebottom, Heather S. Lipkind, Malini B. DeSilva, Jingran Cao, Elyse O. Kharbanda, Kristin Palmsten
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Journal american journal of epidemiology
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/aje/kwag105
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag105
Keywords Keywords not found

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