Synthetic Approaches of Benzimidazole Derivatives on Anti-Diabetic Activity: A Review

Background: Thiazolidine-2,4-dione (2,4-TZD) is a versatile and valuable chemical structure that features a five-membered ring with an oxygen atom at the 2-position, a double bond at the 4-position, and contains both a nitrogen and a sulphur atom within the ring. This structure serves as an effective pharmacophore, which is a key component in drug design. The electron-rich nitrogen atom in the compound enhances its electronic properties, making it useful in various applications. Thiazolidine-2,4-dione analogues have been synthesized through different methods, all of which have demonstrated significant biological activity. Objective: The exploration of the biological activity of Thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives has been an interesting area in pharmaceutical chemistry, serving a variety of purposes. This study focuses on the derivatives described in the literature from 1995 to 2023. The review delves into Thiazolidine-2,4-diones, covering their introduction, general synthesis methods, synthetic pathways, and their significance in the treatment of diabetes. Conclusion: Thiazolidine-2,4-diones are prominent heterocyclic compounds with significant scientific interest. Various methods have been developed for their synthesis. In several derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-diones exhibit antidiabetic activity, encouraging further research. Their potential application in antidiabetic treatment has captured researcher attention, detailed exploration of these versatile compounds.