Near-surface circulation and kinetic energy in the tropical Indian Ocean derived from Lagrangian drifters
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ID: 293432
1999
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Abstract
Trajectories of 412 satellite-tracked drifting buoys deployed in the tropical Indian Ocean have been analyzed to document the surface circulation and kinetic energy e eld. Only drifters drogued at 15 m depth and having drag area ratio greater than 35 are used to estimate current velocities. Unlike in earlier studies, the widening of the Equatorial Jet in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and the westward e owat the equator during July‐ August are apparent in the present data set.The comparison of drifter data with the seasonal mean dynamic topography (0/1000 db) shows that the surface circulation pattern inferred from dynamic topography does not always represent the surface currents in the Indian Ocean. Both compare well for the South Equatorial Current, the Equatorial Counter Current, and the southwestward current along the Indonesian Islands; they differ in the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon, but are similar during the northeast monsoon. Maps of mean and eddy kinetic energy show maxima in the regions of western boundary currents and equatorial currents and minima in the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and south of 20° S. Surface circulation in the Indian Ocean is unique because of its response to the annually reversing monsoon winds because of which the major currents in the Indian Ocean also undergo variations on semiannual and annual time scales. The seasonality is more prominent in the north than in the south.The major surface currents in the Indian Ocean are summarized in the schematic in Figure 1. During the northern winter (i.e., during the northeast monsoon), the surface current systems resemble the general circulation patterns in the Pacie c and Atlantic oceans; the South Equatorial Current (SEC), the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC), the North Equatorial Current (Northeast Monsoon Current (NMC) hereafter), and the associated boundary currents are seen during this season. During the northern summer (i.e., during the southwest monsoon), the surface currents do not resemble the patterns seen in the other two oceans; the eastward Southwest Monsoon Current (SMC) replaces the westward NMC and a northward e ow, the Somali Current (SC), replaces the southward e ow along the coast of Somalia. At the equator, the scenario is further complicated with the appearance of an eastward Equatorial Jet (EJ) during the transition periods,April‐ May and November‐ December (Wyrtki, 1973).
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| Authors | S. S. C. Shenoi, P. K. Saji, A.M. Almeida |
| Journal | journal of marine research |
| Year | 1999 |
| DOI |
10.1357/002224099321514088
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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