Thermal safety simulations of transient temperature rise during acoustic radiation force-based ultrasound elastography.

Ultrasound transient elastography is a new diagnostic imaging technique that uses acoustic radiation force to produce motion in solid tissue via a high-intensity, long-duration "push" beam. In our previous work, we developed analytical models for calculating transient temperature rise, both in soft tissue and at a bone/soft tissue interface, during a single acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging frame. The present study expands on these temperature rise calculations, providing applicable range assessment and error analysis for a single ARFI frame. Furthermore, a "virtual source" approach is described for temperature and thermal dose calculation under multiple ARFI frames. By use of this method, the effect of inter-frame cooling duration on temperature prediction is analyzed, and a thermal buildup phenomenon is revealed. Thermal safety assessment indicates that the thermal dose values, especially at the absorptive bone/soft tissue interface, could approach recommended dose thresholds if the cooling interval of multiple-frame ARFI elastography is too short.