Scaffolding student argumentation through evidence construction in an STS course

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ID: 287558
2025
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Abstract
Argumentation plays a crucial role in effectively communicating ideas and structuring reasoning. While existing models provide guidelines for constructing arguments, less attention has been given to scaffolding evidence construction and counterargumentation. To address this gap, a modified Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (mCER) framework was developed and then integrated into learning modules of a Science, Technology, and Society (STS) course. The modules, redesigned to enhance students’ argumentation practices, were validated by three experienced teachers who themselves created the original STS course. Following an action research methodology, the modules were implemented in one blended-learning class of 16 undergraduate students aged 18 to 24. Qualitative data analysis was performed to explore how the mCER module shaped students’ learning about argumentation and their participation in argumentation practices. Results indicate that students, over time, demonstrated more consistency in using accurate claims, steady improvement in mobilizing evidence, and gradual enhancement in framing of arguments. Counterargumentation slowly emerged, but its use was not sustained. Students shifted from relying on historical and factual evidence to support their claims in the earlier modules to triangulation of expert-logical and empirical evidence in the later modules. Four key themes describe students’ engagement with the mCER-based modules: development of evidence-based reasoning is gradual, crafting counterarguments is challenging, argumentation is recognized as a valuable tool for addressing real-world problems, and confidence in participating in scientific discourse is gained. Future research could further strengthen students’ crafting and mobilizing of counterarguments and encourage them to use verified scientific knowledge to support claims. Keywords: Argumentation, Claim-Evidence-Reasoning, Socio-Scientific Issues, Counterarguments
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Authors Razalan, Allan Sam S.
Journal Malay Journal
Year 2025
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