The political economy of cultural heritage conservation and tourism development of the City of Manila
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ID: 287263
2022
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Abstract
Over the years, cities across the world have experienced unprecedented growth and development imposing greater demands to states and cities alike, resulting in the unsustainable use of finite resources. Such growth has been associated with high levels of environmental damage and social dislocation; hence affecting cities’ competitiveness, efficiency and livability, and overall sustainability. The City of Manila, Philippines, is not an exemption. In the 2018 Sustainable Cities Index published by Arcadis Design and Consultancy, the City of Manila was ranked 95thoverall out of 100 countries surveyed, one notch better than its 2016 performance. The City of Manila was indexed at 93rdfor people (94thin 2016), 91stfor planet (86thin 2016), and 98th (91stin 2016) under the profit category. As developing countries follow the linear pattern of development, modernization has likewise contributed to the development of urban decay thus compromising cultural heritage. As such, this study addresses the central question of “How does the current tension between cultural heritage conservation and tourism development objectives impact the sustainability of the City of Manila?”. In answering the research question, the study utilizes the economic framework developed by Russo and Van der Borg (2006) called Culture-Oriented Economic Development (COED) that was locally adapted as the heritage-driven development by Zerrudo (2020) which focuses on culture as the fourth pillar of sustainability. The framework, while considering the contrasting perspectives and interests of the different shareholders, provides that culture, as empowered through cultural heritage conservation with tourism as an approach, contributes to the sustainability of the City of Manila. A heritage-driven development will yield 1) sustainable inclusive and equitable outcomes; 2) acknowledge and promote respect for cultural diversity in preventing conflict and protecting the rights of marginalized groups; 3) capitalize on the culture sector’s contribution to economic development and poverty reduction. This qualitative study adopts the method of semi-structured online key informant interviews in view of the pandemic. Furthermore, stakeholders analysis was used to assess and understand the actors involved in cultural heritage conservation and tourism development in the City of Manila. This study examined whether the conflict between cultural heritage conservation and tourism development affects the sustainability of the City of Manila. Various stakeholders and their level of participation in the conceptualization and implementation of the tourism development plan of Manila were also identified. Its implications to the city’s sustainability based on the sub-index of People and Profit under the Arcadis Sustainable Cities Index were likewise assessed. The
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| Authors | Cruz, Geoffrey Rhoel C. |
| Journal | Malay Journal |
| Year | 2022 |
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| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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