Urban road networks as physical systems: Data, theory, and computation

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ID: 287233
2022
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Abstract
Road networks are spatial records that resulted from the confluence of many individual and group interactions shaped by the culture, politics, and socio-economic forces in cities. Just like any physical phenomena, science can be used in order to better understand their nature. In understanding systems that are interconnected, interdependent and non-linear, like cities and their road networks, computational tools and concepts from the paradigm of Complexity Science are required. This work aims to show that city road networks are complex systems that exhibit emergent statistical regularities that are robust regardless of geographical location, levels of planning, and temporal age. Despite the statistical regularities, however, properties that are unique to the cities in consideration can still be measured, which are tied to the historical development and future management. Here, the different roles of road networks as complex urban entities are explored and classified into three (3) thematic clusters of investigation: (i) Road networks as morphological descriptors (ii) Road networks as indicators of evolution; and (iii) Road networks as transport channels. For the first part of this dissertation, urban road networks are viewed as morphological descriptors of cities. Here, statistical distributions of the geometrical properties of road networks are provided for two representative datasets under different levels of planning: the cities that make up Metropolitan Manila demonstrate bottom-up self-organized growth, whereas Brasilia and the Australian Capital Territory centered on Canberra represent strict top-down planning. The distribution of segmented areas of the cities exhibits a dual power-law behavior, with the larger areas following the 1.9 scaling exponent seen in other cities, while the smaller areas have a lower exponent of 0.5, which is thought to be related to practical factors. While all cities are shown to promote the creation of straight road segments, planned cities are found to have an abundance of sinuous roads with sinuosity values approaching π. Finally, to capture the nontrivial statistical patterns observed, a simple model based on nearest-neighbor directed branching combined with sectional grid formations is proposed. Secondly, the unique quality of spatial permanence is explored by investigating the growth of the Manila road network for over a century of development. Throughout a city’s growth, there are quantities that (i) changed and (ii) did not change over time. These manifested in both spatial and temporal domains. Through georeferencing and digitization of hand-drawn historical maps, the status of Manila’s road network at various moments in its history is extracted.
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Authors Cirunay, Michelle T.
Journal Malay Journal
Year 2022
DOI
DOI not found
URL
https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/etdd_physics/1
Keywords Keywords not found

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