Factors affecting complete immunization among children aged 12–23 months in the Philippine regions from 2003 to 2022: A panel data analysis

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ID: 286830
2025
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Abstract
Incomplete immunization among children aged 12-23 months remains a public health issue in developing countries such as the Philippines. Challenges such as limited access, negative attitude of parents toward vaccines, and vaccine hesitancy delay the achievement of immunizing every person through the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) of the World Health Organization (WHO). This study explores how intrinsic factors and their presence of correlation to regions and years affect the national immunization coverage. Data were collected from the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Using panel data analysis (PDA), the relationship between immunization coverage and the potential predictors was identified. The Reduced Random Effects Model was found to be the best model among all models. The percentage of unemployed mothers has a robust relationship with immunization coverage, as it was a significant factor of the percentage of fully immunized children (FIC) in all eight produced models. The average number of children ever born per woman, the percentage of household residing in urban areas, the percentage of mothers practicing Islam, and the percentage of households with PhilHealth were also significant predictors in the Reduced Random Effects Model. This highlights the importance of having socioeconomic advantage and household autonomy of Filipino women in elevating childhood immunization rates.
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Authors Navarro, Dominic R.
Journal Malay Journal
Year 2025
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