Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of TpPa-1 covalent organic framework for a potential quercetin drug delivery system

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ID: 284984
2025
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Abstract
Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are networks of light organic elements bound together by covalent bonds. These frameworks are deemed highly promising due to their large surface area, low density, chemical and thermal stability, tunable pores, and biocompatibility. Among the classes of COFs, β-ketoenamine COFs have not been extensively explored as a potential material for drug encapsulation. As such, this study explores the potential of TpPa-1 as a drug delivery system for Quercetin. Utilizing its monomers (1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol or Tp and p-phenylenediamine or Pa-1), TpPa-1 was synthesized catalytically with p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) via a green mechanochemical method. After identity confirmation with ATR-FTIR, TpPa-1 was loaded with quercetin using DMSO as solvent. The bare TpPa-1 and the loaded QUE@TpPa-1 were characterized via 13C CP-MAS ssNMR, ATR-FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA, DSC, and CHNS Elemental Analysis. These results confirmed the successful synthesis of TpPa-1 (average yield = 75.13%) and loading of QUE@TpPa-1 (%EE = 25.93%). Following this, TpPa-1’s drug loading capacity was determined to be 90.97% at ~2 hours. This coincides with the Freundlich Isotherm (R2 = 0.9753, Kf = 0.0169, 1/n = 1.5382) fitted to the adsorption kinetics of quercetin onto TpPa-1, indicating strong adsorbent-adsorbate interactions, reversible adsorption, and physisorption as the dominant interaction. Lastly, a pH-facilitated drug release of QUE@TpPa-1 was conducted, which exhibited relatively higher release (0.01% release) in basic medium (pH = 8.2) than in acidic (pH = 1.2) and neutral (pH 7.4) media, 0.0035% and 0.0024% release, respectively. The results imply that TpPa-1 has high potential to be a drug carrier as it remains stable across varying pH and is capable of adsorbing a large amount of quercetin. Further studies must be conducted on improving the drug release of loaded TpPa-1.
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Authors Tongol, Kristina Marie B
Journal Malay Journal
Year 2025
DOI
DOI not found
URL
https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/etdb_chem/57
Keywords Keywords not found

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