Tele-assessment of trunk control in children with cerebral palsy: Intra- and inter-rater reliability, and validity of the trunk control measurement scale.

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability, and validity of the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) for tele-assessment in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted with 36 children aged 4-18 years, diagnosed with hemiplegic CP. Participants underwent four TCMS assessments: in-person assessment, tele-assessment via videoconferencing, and two video-based tele-assessments scored by same rater and by a second rater. Reliability was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing TCMS tele-assessment scores between children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I and II, while criterion validity was evaluated by examining the correlation between face-to-face and tele-assessment TCMS scores.ResultsExcellent reliability was observed between face-to-face and tele-assessment (ICC: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.83-0.95). TCMS tele-assessment also demonstrated excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.80-0.94) and high inter-rater reliability (ICC: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.66-0.90). Criterion validity was confirmed by strong correlations between face-to-face and tele-assessment scores ( = 0.925, and  = 0.892,  < 0.001 for rater-1 and rater-2, respectively). The TCMS successfully discriminated children by functional levels, demonstrating discriminative validity ( = 0.002). Bland-Altman analysis revealed minimal systematic error, with internal consistency remaining high across all assessments (>0.88).DiscussionTCMS is a valid and reliable tool for teleassessing trunk control in children with hemiplegic CP. These results may pave the way for developing child-specific, targeted telerehabilitation programs, bringing telerehabilitation closer to its primary aim of ensuring equal opportunities.This study was registered as a clinical trial (NCT06707831). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06707831.