What a paediatric pulmonologist needs to know about vaping.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), often known as e-cigarettes or vapes, have transitioned from a smoking cessation tool to a widely used recreational product, particularly among adolescents. The prevalence of youth vaping has surged, driven by accessibility, appealing flavours, targeted marketing, and the rise of disposable vapes. Despite regulations and legislation, underage access remains widespread. Adolescents often perceive vaping as less harmful than smoking, though emerging evidence links e-cigarette use to pulmonary toxicity, increased respiratory symptoms, and potential long-term lung damage. Studies indicate associations between vaping and asthma, bronchiolitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Additionally, harmful chemical by-products produced from e-liquid decomposition, raise future health concerns. Regulatory measures vary globally, and the effectiveness of different strategies remains unclear. Paediatric pulmonologists play a key role in addressing this epidemic through patient education and advocacy. Urgent research is needed to assess the long-term health impacts of vaping and develop the most effective vaping cessation interventions.