Key role of macrophyte-dominated habitats over cyanobacteria-dominated habitats in stability of microbial sulfur cycling in freshwater lakes.

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ID: 281691
2025
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Abstract
Despite extensive studies on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in marine and deep stratified ecosystems, their spatiotemporal dynamics and ecological roles in shallow freshwater lakes remain poorly understood, especially with habitat shifts driven by eutrophication and climate change. Here, we monitored seasonal changes in sediment and porewater chemical parameters, and applied high-throughput sequencing and co-occurrence network analysis to compare SRB and SOB communities in surface sediments from cyanobacteria-dominated (ZSB) and macrophyte-dominated (XKB) habitats of Lake Taihu across four seasons. In ZSB, seasonal variations in acid volatile sulfide (AVS), dissolved sulfide (∑HS), and Fe(II) were the primary drivers of sulfur bacterial communities. In contrast, SRB in XKB were mainly influenced by total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), while SOB were regulated by spatial heterogeneity, with AVS as the key driver. Spore-forming SRB such as Desulfotomaculum were distinctly enriched in ZSB, indicating an adaptive strategy to environmental fluctuations. Notably, Cupriavidus, a genus rarely linked to sulfur oxidation, was the dominant SOB genus in both habitats. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that dominant genera in ZSB acted as network hubs, indicating greater vulnerability to environmental changes in cyanobacteria-dominated habitats. Conversely, XKB displayed evenly distributed interaction networks without dominant network hubs, enhancing resilience to environmental fluctuations. These findings provide new insight into how macrophyte-dominated habitats enhance the resilience of shallow freshwater lakes to algal bloom expansion via stabilized sulfur cycling. Hydrological and hydrodynamic factors should be considered in future to better elucidate sulfur cycling in freshwater lakes.
Meskipun telah banyak diteliti pada ekosistem laut dan terstratifikasi dalam, dinamika spasiotemporal dan peran ekologis bakteri pereduksi sulfat (SRB) dan bakteri pengoksidasi sulfur (SOB) di danau air tawar dangkal masih belum banyak dipahami, terutama seiring terjadinya pergeseran habitat yang didorong oleh eutrofikasi dan perubahan iklim. Di sini, kami memantau perubahan musiman parameter kimiawi sedimen dan air pori, serta menerapkan sekuensing *high-throughput* dan analisis jaringan ko-okurensi untuk membandingkan komunitas SRB dan SOB pada sedimen permukaan dari habitat yang didominasi sianobakteri (ZSB) dan didominasi makrofit (XKB) di Danau Taihu selama empat musim. Pada ZSB, variasi musiman dalam sulfida volatil asam (AVS), sulfida terlarut (∑HS), dan Fe(II) merupakan pendorong utama komunitas bakteri sulfur. Sebaliknya, SRB di XKB terutama dipengaruhi oleh nitrogen total (TN) dan fosfor total (TP), sedangkan SOB diregulasi oleh heterogenitas spasial, dengan AVS sebagai pendorong utamanya. SRB pembentuk spora seperti *Desulfotomaculum* terkayakan secara nyata di ZSB, yang mengindikasikan strategi adaptif terhadap fluktuasi lingkungan. Secara khusus, *Cupriavidus*, genus yang jarang dikaitkan dengan oksidasi sulfur, menjadi genus SOB yang dominan di kedua habitat. Analisis jaringan ko-okurensi menunjukkan bahwa genus-genus dominan di ZSB bertindak sebagai *hub* jaringan, yang mengindikasikan kerentanan yang lebih besar terhadap perubahan lingkungan di habitat yang didominasi sianobakteri. Sebaliknya, XKB memperlihatkan jaringan interaksi yang terdistribusi secara merata tanpa adanya *hub* jaringan yang dominan, sehingga meningkatkan resiliensi terhadap fluktuasi lingkungan. Temuan-temuan ini memberikan wawasan baru mengenai bagaimana habitat yang didominasi makrofit meningkatkan resiliensi danau air tawar dangkal terhadap ekspansi ledakan alga melalui siklus sulfur yang distabilkan. Faktor hidrologis dan hidrodinamis perlu dipertimbangkan di masa mendatang untuk mengelusidasi siklus sulfur di danau air tawar secara lebih baik.
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Authors Li, Rui-Ze; Zhu, Zhi-Jie; Li, Xing-Hao; Jiao, Yi-Ying; Zhao, Li-Ya; Li, Zhao-Hua; Chen, Mo
Journal Environmental research
Year 2025
DOI
10.1016/j.envres.2025.121685
URL
Keywords
spatiotemporal dynamics lake sediments sulfate-reducing bacteria co-occurrence network sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

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