Enhancing VAT compliance in the retail industry: The role of socio-economic determinants and tax knowledge moderation

Despite tax being a fundamental method to redistribute wealth and achieve a sustainable economic and social system, tax agencies and institutions in most countries are struggling with low tax collections. This issue is often attributed to the level of compliance among taxpayers. To gain more insight into this problem, a study was conducted to examine how socio-economic determinants such as probability of detection, tax complexity, tax penalty, tax sanctions, tax ethics, tax justice, government spending, and tax services quality impact VAT compliance decisions. The study drew a random sample of 770 retail industry participants from Jordan, an Arabic country, for a self-administered survey. Smart-PLS structural equation modeling was used to analyze and estimate the compliance model. The results indicated that all proposed direct relationships were supported, and the interactions between tax knowledge and the socio-economic determinants on VAT compliance were found to be significant. The findings of this research can be useful for policymakers and institutions responsible for taxpayers' communities to understand the role of tax knowledge in VAT compliance in the retail industry. The study emphasizes the significance of instilling tax knowledge, social and moral values among VAT payers, establishing an equitable system, and launching awareness programs in Jordanian society. Additionally, it contributes to existing literature by confirming a practical compliance model rooted in the socio-economic theory of regulatory compliance. This model incorporates the moderating effect of tax knowledge within socio-economic aspects of VAT compliance. By understanding the importance of tax knowledge, policymakers and institutions can develop effective strategies to boost VAT funds and improve compliance in the retail industry. This can ultimately lead to increased government revenues without placing an undue economic burden on lower-income taxpayers.