Synaptic Homeostasis and Its Immunological Disturbance in Neuromuscular Junction Disorders

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ID: 274768
2017
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Abstract
In the neuromuscular junction, postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) clustering, trans-synaptic communication and synaptic stabilization are modulated by the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity. The synaptic functions are based presynaptically on the active zone architecture, synaptic vesicle proteins, Ca2+ channels and synaptic vesicle recycling. Postsynaptically, they are based on rapsyn-anchored nAChR clusters, localized sensitivity to ACh, and synaptic stabilization via linkage to the extracellular matrix so as to be precisely opposed to the nerve terminal. Focusing on neural agrin, Wnts, muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (a mediator of agrin and Wnts signalings and regulator of trans-synaptic communication), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (the receptor of agrin and Wnts and participant in retrograde signaling), laminin-network (including muscle-derived agrin), extracellular matrix proteins (participating in the synaptic stabilization) and presynaptic receptors (including muscarinic and adenosine receptors), we review the functional structures of the synapse by making reference to immunological pathogenecities in postsynaptic disease, myasthenia gravis. The synapse-related proteins including cortactin, coronin-6, caveolin-3, doublecortin, R-spondin 2, amyloid precursor family proteins, glia cell-derived neurotrophic factor and neurexins are also discussed in terms of their possible contribution to efficient synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction.
Reference Key
takamori2017internationalsynaptic Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Masaharu Takamori;Takamori, Masaharu;
Journal International journal of molecular sciences
Year 2017
DOI
10.3390/ijms18040896
URL
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040896
Keywords
myasthenia gravis nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agrin neuromuscular junction wnts muscle-specific tyrosine kinase low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 laminins muscarinic acetylcholine receptor adenosine receptor

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