Wire-based sternal closure: MRI-related heating at 1.5 T/64 MHz and 3 T/128 MHz based on simulation and experimental phantom study.

The paper investigates factors that affect the RF-induced heating for commonly used wire-based sternal closure under 1.5 T and 3 T MRI systems and clarifies the heating mechanisms.Numerical simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain method and experimental measurements in ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) phantom were used in the study. Various configurations of the wire-based sternal closure in the phantom were studied based on parameter sweeps to understand key factors related to the RF-induced heating. In vivo simulations were further performed to explore the RF-induced heating in computational human phantoms for clinically relevant scenarios.The wire-based sternal closure can lead to peak 1-g averaged spatial absorption ratio of 106.3 W/kg and 75.2 W/kg in phantom and peak 1-g averaged specific absorption rate of 32.1 W/kg and 62.1 W/kg in computational human models near the device at 1.5 T and 3 T, respectively. In phantom, the simulated maximum temperature rises for 15-minute RF exposure are 9.4°C at 1.5 T and 5.8°C at 3 T. Generally, the RF-induced heating will be higher when the electrical length of the device is close to the resonant length or when multiple components are spaced closely along the longitudinal direction.The RF-induced heating related to wire-based sternal closure can be significant due to the antenna effect and capacitive mutual coupling effect related to the specific geometries of devices.