First Indication of Terrestrial Matter Effects on Solar Neutrino Oscillation

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ID: 271387
1970
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Abstract
We report an indication that the elastic scattering rate of solar B8 neutrinos with electrons in the Super-Kamiokande detector is larger when the neutrinos pass through Earth during nighttime. We determine the day-night asymmetry, defined as the difference of the average day rate and average night rate divided by the average of those two rates, to be [-3.2±1.1(stat)±0.5(syst)]%, which deviates from zero by 2.7σ. Since the elastic scattering process is mostly sensitive to electron-flavored solar neutrinos, a nonzero day-night asymmetry implies that the flavor oscillations of solar neutrinos are affected by the presence of matter within the neutrinos' flight path. Super-Kamiokande's day-night asymmetry is consistent with neutrino oscillations for 4×10-5 eV2≤∆m212≤7×10-5 eV2 and large mixing values of θ12, at the 68% C.L.
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Authors Renshaw, A.;Abe, K.;Hayato, Y.;Iyogi, K.;Kameda, J.;Kishimoto, Y.;Miura, M.;Moriyama, S.;Nakahata, M.;Nakano, Y.;Nakayama, S.;Sekiya, H.;Shiozawa, M.;Suzuki, Y.;Takeda, A.;Takenaga, Y.;Tomura, T.;Ueno, K.;Yokozawa, T.;Wendell, R. A.;Irvine, T.;Kajita, T.;Kaneyuki, K.;Lee, K. P.;Nishimura, Y.;Okumura, K.;McLachlan, T.;Labarga, L.;Berkman, S.;Tanaka, H. A.;Tobayama, S.;Kearns, E.;Raaf, J. L.;Stone, J. L.;Sulak, L. R.;Goldhabar, M.;Bays, K.;Carminati, G.;Kropp, W. R.;Mine, S.;Smy, M. B.;Sobel, H. W.;Ganezer, K. S.;Hill, J.;Keig, W. E.;Hong, N.;Kim, J. Y.;Lim, I. T.;Akiri, T.;Himmel, A.;Scholberg, K.;Walter, C. W.;Wongjirad, T.;Ishizuka, T.;Tasaka, S.;Jang, J. S.;Learned, J. G.;Matsuno, S.;Smith, S. N.;Hasegawa, T.;Ishida, T.;Ishii, T.;Kobayashi, T.;Nakadaira, T.;Nakamura, K.;Oyama, Y.;Sakashita, K.;Sekiguchi, T.;Tsukamoto, T.;Suzuki, A. T.;Takeuchi, Y.;Bronner, C.;Hirota, S.;Huang, K.;Ieki, K.;Ikeda, M.;Kikawa, T.;Minamino, A.;Nakaya, T.;Suzuki, K.;Takahashi, S.;Fukuda, Y.;Choi, K.;Itow, Y.;Mitsuka, G.;Mijakowski, P.;Hignight, J.;Imber, J.;Jung, C. K.;Yanagisawa, C.;Ishino, H.;Kibayashi, A.;Koshio, Y.;Mori, T.;Sakuda, M.;Yano, T.;Kuno, Y.;Tacik, R.;Kim, S. B.;Okazawa, H.;Choi, Y.;Nishijima, K.;Koshiba, M.;Totsuka, Y.;Yokoyama, M.;Martens, K.;Marti, Ll.;Vagins, M. R.;Martin, J. F.;de Perio, P.;Konaka, A.;Wilking, M. J.;Chen, S.;Zhang, Y.;Wilkes, R. J.;Super-Kamiokande Collaboration;Renshaw, A.;Abe, K.;Hayato, Y.;Iyogi, K.;Kameda, J.;Kishimoto, Y.;Miura, M.;Moriyama, S.;Nakahata, M.;Nakano, Y.;Nakayama, S.;Sekiya, H.;Shiozawa, M.;Suzuki, Y.;Takeda, A.;Takenaga, Y.;Tomura, T.;Ueno, K.;Yokozawa, T.;Wendell, R. A.;Irvine, T.;Kajita, T.;Kaneyuki, K.;Lee, K. P.;Nishimura, Y.;Okumura, K.;McLachlan, T.;Labarga, L.;Berkman, S.;Tanaka, H. A.;Tobayama, S.;Kearns, E.;Raaf, J. L.;Stone, J. L.;Sulak, L. R.;Goldhabar, M.;Bays, K.;Carminati, G.;Kropp, W. R.;Mine, S.;Smy, M. B.;Sobel, H. W.;Ganezer, K. S.;Hill, J.;Keig, W. E.;Hong, N.;Kim, J. Y.;Lim, I. T.;Akiri, T.;Himmel, A.;Scholberg, K.;Walter, C. W.;Wongjirad, T.;Ishizuka, T.;Tasaka, S.;Jang, J. S.;Learned, J. G.;Matsuno, S.;Smith, S. N.;Hasegawa, T.;Ishida, T.;Ishii, T.;Kobayashi, T.;Nakadaira, T.;Nakamura, K.;Oyama, Y.;Sakashita, K.;Sekiguchi, T.;Tsukamoto, T.;Suzuki, A. T.;Takeuchi, Y.;Bronner, C.;Hirota, S.;Huang, K.;Ieki, K.;Ikeda, M.;Kikawa, T.;Minamino, A.;Nakaya, T.;Suzuki, K.;Takahashi, S.;Fukuda, Y.;Choi, K.;Itow, Y.;Mitsuka, G.;Mijakowski, P.;Hignight, J.;Imber, J.;Jung, C. K.;Yanagisawa, C.;Ishino, H.;Kibayashi, A.;Koshio, Y.;Mori, T.;Sakuda, M.;Yano, T.;Kuno, Y.;Tacik, R.;Kim, S. B.;Okazawa, H.;Choi, Y.;Nishijima, K.;Koshiba, M.;Totsuka, Y.;Yokoyama, M.;Martens, K.;Marti, Ll.;Vagins, M. R.;Martin, J. F.;de Perio, P.;Konaka, A.;Wilking, M. J.;Chen, S.;Zhang, Y.;Wilkes, R. J.;Super-Kamiokande Collaboration;
Journal PhRvL
Year 1970
DOI
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.091805
URL
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2014PhRvL.112i1805R
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