Insight into Microevolution of Yersinia pestis by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

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2008
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Abstract
BackgroundYersinia pestis, the pathogen of plague, has greatly influenced human history on a global scale. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR), an element participating in immunity against phages' invasion, is composed of short repeated sequences separated by unique spacers and provides the basis of the spoligotyping technology. In the present research, three CRISPR loci were analyzed in 125 strains of Y. pestis from 26 natural plague foci of China, the former Soviet Union and Mongolia were analyzed, for validating CRISPR-based genotyping method and better understanding adaptive microevolution of Y. pestis.Methodology/Principal FindingsUsing PCR amplification, sequencing and online data processing, a high degree of genetic diversity was revealed in all three CRISPR elements. The distribution of spacers and their arrays in Y. pestis strains is strongly region and focus-specific, allowing the construction of a hypothetic evolutionary model of Y. pestis. This model suggests transmission route of microtus strains that encircled Takla Makan Desert and ZhunGer Basin. Starting from Tadjikistan, one branch passed through the Kunlun Mountains, and moved to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Another branch went north via the Pamirs Plateau, the Tianshan Mountains, the Altai Mountains and the Inner Mongolian Plateau. Other Y. pestis lineages might be originated from certain areas along those routes.Conclusions/significanceCRISPR can provide important information for genotyping and evolutionary research of bacteria, which will help to trace the source of outbreaks. The resulting data will make possible the development of very low cost and high-resolution assays for the systematic typing of any new isolate.
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Authors Yujun Cui;Yanjun Li;Olivier Gorgé;Mikhail E. Platonov;Yanfeng Yan;Zhaobiao Guo;Christine Pourcel;Svetlana V. Dentovskaya;Sergey V. Balakhonov;Xiaoyi Wang;Yajun Song;Andrey P. Anisimov;Gilles Vergnaud;Ruifu Yang;
Journal PloS one
Year 2008
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0002652
URL
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002652
Keywords
genomics crispr yersinia pestis plagues nucleotide sequencing microevolution genetic loci plateaus Evolution National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI NLM MEDLINE genetic humans pubmed abstract nih national institutes of health national library of medicine research support non-u.s. gov't Bacterial Molecular* genome Genotype Polymorphism genetic variation yanjun li ruifu yang yersinia pestis / genetics* Yersinia pestis / classification yujun cui pmid:18612419 pmc2440536 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002652 interspersed repetitive sequences*

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