fram strait sea ice export variability and september arctic sea ice extent over the last 80 years
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2017
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Abstract
A
new long-term data record of Fram Strait sea ice area export from 1935 to
2014 is developed using a combination of satellite radar images and station
observations of surface pressure across Fram Strait. This data record shows
that the long-term annual mean export is about 880 000 km2,
representing 10 % of the sea-ice-covered area inside the basin. The time
series has large interannual and multi-decadal variability but no long-term
trend. However, during the last decades, the amount of ice exported has
increased, with several years having annual ice exports that exceeded
1 million km2. This increase is a result of faster southward ice drift
speeds due to stronger southward geostrophic winds, largely explained by
increasing surface pressure over Greenland. Evaluating the trend onwards from
1979 reveals an increase in annual ice export of about +6 % per decade,
with spring and summer showing larger changes in ice export (+11 % per
decade) compared to autumn and winter (+2.6 % per decade). Increased
ice export during winter will generally result in new ice growth and
contributes to thinning inside the Arctic Basin. Increased ice export during
summer or spring will, in contrast, contribute directly to open water
further north and a reduced summer sea ice extent through the ice–albedo
feedback. Relatively low spring and summer export from 1950 to 1970 is thus
consistent with a higher mid-September sea ice extent for these years. Our
results are not sensitive to long-term change in Fram Strait sea ice
concentration. We find a general moderate influence between export anomalies
and the following September sea ice extent, explaining 18 % of the
variance between 1935 and 2014, but with higher values since 2004.
| Reference Key |
smedsrud2017thefram
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;L. H. Smedsrud;M. H. Halvorsen;J. C. Stroeve;R. Zhang;K. Kloster |
| Journal | journal of applied polymer science |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/tc-11-65-2017
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| URL | |
| Keywords |
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