gradient flux measurements of sea–air dms transfer during the surface ocean aerosol production (soap) experiment
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2018
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Abstract
Direct measurements of marine dimethylsulfide (DMS) fluxes are sparse, particularly in the
Southern Ocean. The Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) voyage in
February–March 2012 examined the distribution and flux of DMS in a biologically active frontal system in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
Three distinct phytoplankton blooms were studied with oceanic DMS
concentrations as high as 25 nmol L−1. Measurements of DMS fluxes were
made using two independent methods: the eddy covariance (EC) technique using
atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–mass spectrometry (API-CIMS) and
the gradient flux (GF) technique from an autonomous catamaran platform.
Catamaran flux measurements are relatively unaffected by airflow distortion
and are made close to the water surface, where gas gradients are largest. Flux
measurements were complemented by near-surface hydrographic measurements to
elucidate physical factors influencing DMS emission. Individual DMS fluxes
derived by EC showed significant scatter and, at times, consistent departures
from the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment gas transfer algorithm (COAREG). A direct comparison between the
two flux methods was carried out to separate instrumental effects from
environmental effects and showed good agreement with a regression slope of
0.96 (r2 = 0.89). A period of abnormal downward atmospheric heat
flux enhanced near-surface ocean stratification and reduced turbulent
exchange, during which GF and EC transfer velocities showed good agreement
but modelled COAREG values were significantly higher. The transfer velocity
derived from near-surface ocean turbulence measurements on a spar buoy
compared well with the COAREG model in general but showed less variation.
This first direct comparison between EC and GF fluxes of DMS provides
confidence in compilation of flux estimates from both techniques, as well as in
the stable periods when the observations are not well predicted by the COAREG
model.
| Reference Key |
smith2018atmosphericgradient
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;M. J. Smith;C. F. Walker;T. G. Bell;T. G. Bell;M. J. Harvey;E. S. Saltzman;C. S. Law;C. S. Law |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2018 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-18-5861-2018
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| URL | |
| Keywords |
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