nitrogen doses and water balance components at phenological stages of corn doses de nitrogênio e componentes do balanço hídrico em fases fenológicas do milho

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ID: 256854
2009
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Abstract
Determining the intensity of the water balance components in the control volume of a soil, and consequently defining the most likely periods of occurrence of a water deficit in a crop, is an exercise that requires knowledge about soil, climate and plant factors. This research aimed to evaluate soil water balance components at phenological stages of corn (Zea mays L.) under no-till system, when fertilized with 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. The field experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on a Typic Hapludox. Evaluations were made in the 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 corn cropping seasons, divided over three stages according to the plant's phenology. Runoff was not taken into account. Measurements were made for precipitation (P), internal drainage (D) (or capillary rise) at a 0.8 m depth, and water storage variation (Δh) in the soil layer from 0.0-0.80 m; actual evapotranspiration (ET) was considered the unknown quantity of the equation. Corn grain yield was evaluated as well. In general, the soil water balance components were modified by N doses, because the soil had been relatively smaller Δh in treatments involving N application than in the treatment without N, resulting in smaller D values in those treatments, which resulted in greater absorption by the plants and greater ET. As expected, the plant developmental stage II had a higher ET value.
Determinar a intensidade dos componentes do balanço de água no solo num certo volume de controle de solo e, por conseguinte, a definição dos períodos mais prováveis de déficit hídrico para a cultura, está relacionada ao conhecimento de fatores do solo, do clima e da planta. Avaliaram-se componentes da equação do balanço de água no solo para fases fenológicas do milho (Zea mays L.), sob sistema de plantio direto, adubado com 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido em Piracicaba, SP, num Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. A avaliação foi feita nas safras 2004/2005 e 2005/2006 de milho dividindo-as em três fases de acordo com a fenologia da planta. O deflúvio superficial foi desconsiderado, e foram medidas a precipitação pluvial (P), a drenagem interna (D) (ou ascensão capilar) na profundidade de 0,8 m, a variação da armazenagem (Δh) na camada de solo de 0,0-0,80 m, e a evapotranspiração real (ET) foi considerada como incógnita da equação. Também, avaliou-se o rendimento de grãos de milho. De forma geral, os componentes da equação do balanço foram alterados pelas doses de N, uma vez que nos tratamentos com aplicação de N, o solo mostrou uma Δh relativamente menor que o tratamento sem N, refletindo em menor valor de D nesses tratamentos, sendo traduzido em maior absorção pelas plantas bem como maior ET. A fase II de desenvolvimento das plantas apresentou maior ET como esperado.
Reference Key
silva2009scientianitrogen Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;Monica Martins da Silva;Paulo Leonel Libardi;Flávia Carvalho Silva Fernandes
Journal journal of the iranian chemical society
Year 2009
DOI
10.1590/S0103-90162009000400013
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162009000400013
Keywords
hydraulic conductivity actual evapotranspiration no-till systemagriculture (general)

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