fatores intrínsecos do custo energético da locomoção durante a natação factores intrínsecos del desgaste energético de locomoción durante la natación intrinsic factors of the locomotion energy cost during swimming
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Abstract
La cantidad de energía metabólica gastada en transportar la masa corporal de un individuo por unidad de distancia ha sido definida como el desgaste energético de locomoción, o específicamente para la natación, el desgaste de nado. Las diferencias en el desgaste de nado entre los individuos parecen ser influenciadas por dos principales factores, la resistencia hidrodinámica y la habilidad técnica del nadador. El menor desgaste de nado presentado por las mujeres ha sido atribuido a una menor resistencia hidrodinámica proveniente de un menor tamaño corporal, mayor porcentaje de grasa, y mejor posicionamiento horizontal. Sin embargo, estas diferencias en el desgaste de nado entre hombres y mujeres desaparece cuando se corrige el tamaño corporal. En relación a los niños, el mayor desgaste de nado comparado a los adultos cuando se corrige el tamaño corporal puede ser explicado principalmente por una menor habilidad técnica presentada por los mismos. Para individuos con las mismas características antropométricas, una mejor habilidad técnica y mayor tamaño de superficie de propulsión, asociados a un aumento en la eficacia de propulsión, pueden reducir el desgaste de nado. Cuando se comparan los diferentes estilos, el más económico es el de pecho seguido por el de espalda a cualquier velocidad de nado. El estilo mariposa es el estilo menos económico a bajas velocidades (< 0,8 m·s-1). A pesar de esto, por encima de esta velocidad el estilo pecho pasa a ser el estilo menos económico.
The amount of metabolic energy spent in transporting the body mass of the subject over a unit of distance has been defined as the energy cost of locomotion, or regarding to swimming, cost of swimming. The differences in the cost of swimming between the individuals seem to be influenced by two main factors, the hydrodynamic resistance and technical skill of the swimmer. The lower cost of swimming showed by females has been attributed to a smaller hydrodynamic resistance due to their smaller size, larger percentage fat and more streamlined position. However, the difference in cost of swimming between males and females disappears when correcting for body size. With regard to children, the higher energy cost of swimming when correcting for body size may be caused by the lower swimming technique showed by them. For individuals with the same anthropometric characteristics, the better swimming technique and larger size of propelling surface, associated with higher propelling efficiency, may decrease the energy cost of swimming. When comparing different types of strokes, the most economical stroke is crawl, followed by backstroke, irrespective the swimming velocity. Butterfly is the less economical at low velocities (< 0.8 m·s¹). However, above that velocity the breaststroke become the less economical stroke.
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caputo2006revistafatores
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| Authors | ;Fabrizio Caputo;Mariana Fernandes Mendes de Oliveira;Benedito Sérgio Denadai;Camila Coelho Greco |
| Journal | research disclosure |
| Year | 2006 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S1517-86922006000600019
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