temporal and spatial variability of icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport
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2017
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Abstract
Icelandic dust sources are known to be highly active, yet there
exist few model simulations of Icelandic dust that could be used to
assess its impacts on the environment. We here present estimates of
dust emission and transport in Iceland over 27 years
(1990–2016) based on FLEXDUST and FLEXPART simulations and
meteorological re-analysis data. Simulations for the year 2012
based on high-resolution operational meteorological analyses are
used for model evaluation based on PM2. 5 and
PM10 observations in Iceland. For stations in Reykjavik,
we find that the spring period is well predicted by the model, while
dust events in late fall and early winter are overpredicted. Six
years of dust concentrations observed at Stórhöfði
(Heimaey) show that the model predicts concentrations of the same
order of magnitude as observations and timing of modelled and
observed dust peaks agrees well. Average annual dust emission is
4.3 ± 0.8 Tg during the 27 years of
simulation. Fifty percent of all dust from Iceland is on average
emitted in just 25 days of the year, demonstrating the
importance of a few strong events for annual total dust
emissions. Annual dust emission as well as transport patterns
correlate only weakly to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Deposition
amounts in remote regions (Svalbard and Greenland) vary from year to
year. Only limited dust amounts reach the upper Greenland Ice Sheet,
but considerable dust amounts are deposited on Icelandic glaciers
and can impact melt rates there. Approximately 34 % of the
annual dust emission is deposited in Iceland itself. Most dust
(58 %), however, is deposited in the ocean and may strongly
influence marine ecosystems.
| Reference Key |
zwaaftink2017atmospherictemporal
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;C. D. Groot Zwaaftink;Ó. Arnalds;P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova;P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova;P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova;S. Eckhardt;J. M. Prospero;A. Stohl |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-17-10865-2017
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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