estudo de suspensões de bentonitas sob diferentes condições térmicas study of bentonit suspensions under different thermal conditions
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2013
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Abstract
Suspensões argilosas são utilizadas como fluidos de perfuração de poços nas primeiras camadas rochosas, geralmente constituídas por sedimentos inconsolidados. Em camadas mais profundas são comumente utilizados fluidos base óleo devido sua resistência térmica. No entanto, em virtude das leis ambientais estes fluidos estão sendo substituídos e as suspensões argilosas surgem como uma alternativa pelo caráter ambientalmente correto e menor custo. Assim, torna-se de extrema importância o estudo das propriedades de suspensões argilosas a temperaturas moderadas e elevadas. Desta forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar as propriedades das suspensões argilosas de bentonita sob diferentes condições térmicas. Para tanto, foi empregado um planejamento fatorial do tipo 2² com três experimentos no ponto central + configuração estrela, totalizando 11 corridas experimentais para avaliar a influência da temperatura e do teor de argila (variáveis de entrada) sobre as propriedades reológicas e de filtração das suspensões argilosas. As suspensões foram preparadas com concentração de bentonita variando de 8,75 g/350 mL a 22,4 g/350 mL e submetidas a temperaturas entre 38 °C e 176 °C durante 16 h. Foram estudados dois tipos de envelhecimento térmico, dinâmico e estático, em equipamento Roller Oven da Fann. As propriedades reológicas (viscosidades aparente - VA e plástica - VP) foram determinadas em viscosímetro Fann 35A e o volume de filtrado (VF) em filtro-prensa API. Concluiu-se que as variáveis de entrada influenciam estatisticamente, ao nível de 95% de confiança, as propriedades das dispersões, sendo observado que a combinação de temperaturas elevadas e altas concentrações de argila conduz a maiores valores de VA e VP, bem como que os maiores valores de VF foram obtidos com as suspensões preparadas com baixa concentração de argila e submetidas à elevada temperatura. Ficou evidenciado ainda que o tipo de envelhecimento tem influência direta no comportamento reológico das dispersões avaliadas.
Clay suspensions are used as drilling fluids for the initial rock layers, usually constituted of unconsolidated sediments. For deeper layers oil based fluids are more commonly used due to their thermal resistance. Therefore, because of the environmental laws, these fluids are being replaced and the clay suspensions arise as an alternative, as they are environmentally correct and have lower cost. So, it becomes of great importance to study the properties of clay suspensions at moderate and high temperatures. This work has the aim to evaluate the properties of bentonit clay suspensions under different thermal conditions. For so, a type 2² factorial plan with three experiments in the centre + star configuration, was applied, totalizing 11 experimental runs to evaluate the influence of temperature and clay content (entrance variables) over the rheological and filtration properties of the clay suspensions. The clay suspensions were prepared with bentonit concentrations between 8.75 g/350 mL and 22.4 g/350 mL and were submitted to temperatures between 38 ºC and 176 ºC during 16 h. Two types of thermal aging were studied, dynamic and static, in a Fann Roller Oven equipment. The rheological properties (apparent viscosity - AV and plastic viscosity - PV) were determined in a Fann 35A viscometer and the filtered volume (FV) in a API filter-press. Could be concluded that the entrance variables did influence statistically, at a 95% confidence level, on the dispersion properties, being observed that the combination of elevated temperatures and high clay concentrations leads to higher values of VA and VP, as for the higher values of VF were obtained from the suspensions prepared with lower clay concentrations and submitted to higher temperature. It became evident that the type of aging does have direct influence in the rheological behaviors of the evaluated dispersions.
Clay suspensions are used as drilling fluids for the initial rock layers, usually constituted of unconsolidated sediments. For deeper layers oil based fluids are more commonly used due to their thermal resistance. Therefore, because of the environmental laws, these fluids are being replaced and the clay suspensions arise as an alternative, as they are environmentally correct and have lower cost. So, it becomes of great importance to study the properties of clay suspensions at moderate and high temperatures. This work has the aim to evaluate the properties of bentonit clay suspensions under different thermal conditions. For so, a type 2² factorial plan with three experiments in the centre + star configuration, was applied, totalizing 11 experimental runs to evaluate the influence of temperature and clay content (entrance variables) over the rheological and filtration properties of the clay suspensions. The clay suspensions were prepared with bentonit concentrations between 8.75 g/350 mL and 22.4 g/350 mL and were submitted to temperatures between 38 ºC and 176 ºC during 16 h. Two types of thermal aging were studied, dynamic and static, in a Fann Roller Oven equipment. The rheological properties (apparent viscosity - AV and plastic viscosity - PV) were determined in a Fann 35A viscometer and the filtered volume (FV) in a API filter-press. Could be concluded that the entrance variables did influence statistically, at a 95% confidence level, on the dispersion properties, being observed that the combination of elevated temperatures and high clay concentrations leads to higher values of VA and VP, as for the higher values of VF were obtained from the suspensions prepared with lower clay concentrations and submitted to higher temperature. It became evident that the type of aging does have direct influence in the rheological behaviors of the evaluated dispersions.
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leal2013cermicaestudo
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| Authors | ;C. A. Leal;R. C. A. M. Nascimento;L. V. Amorim |
| Journal | Zootaxa |
| Year | 2013 |
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