soluble iron nutrients in saharan dust over the central amazon rainforest
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2017
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Abstract
The
intercontinental transport of aerosols from the Sahara desert plays a
significant role in nutrient cycles in the Amazon rainforest, since it
carries many types of minerals to these otherwise low-fertility lands. Iron
is one of the micronutrients essential for plant growth, and its long-range
transport might be an important source for the iron-limited Amazon
rainforest. This study assesses the bioavailability of iron Fe(II) and
Fe(III) in the particulate matter over the Amazon forest, which was
transported from the Sahara desert (for the sake of our discussion, this
term also includes the Sahel region). The sampling campaign was carried out
above and below the forest canopy at the ATTO site (Amazon Tall Tower
Observatory), a near-pristine area in the central Amazon Basin, from March to
April 2015. Measurements reached peak concentrations for soluble Fe(III)
(48 ng m−3), Fe(II) (16 ng m−3), Na (470 ng m−3),
Ca (194 ng m−3), K (65 ng m−3), and Mg (89 ng m−3)
during a time period of dust transport from the Sahara, as confirmed by
ground-based and satellite remote sensing data and air mass backward
trajectories. Dust sampled above the Amazon canopy included primary
biological aerosols and other coarse particles up to 12 µm in
diameter. Atmospheric transport of weathered Saharan dust, followed by
surface deposition, resulted in substantial iron bioavailability across the
rainforest canopy. The seasonal deposition of dust, rich in soluble iron, and
other minerals is likely to assist both bacteria and fungi within the topsoil
and on canopy surfaces, and especially benefit highly bioabsorbent species.
In this scenario, Saharan dust can provide essential macronutrients and
micronutrients to plant roots, and also directly to plant leaves. The
influence of this input on the ecology of the forest canopy and topsoil is
discussed, and we argue that this influence would likely be different from
that of nutrients from the weathered Amazon bedrock, which otherwise provides
the main source of soluble mineral nutrients.
| Reference Key |
rizzolo2017atmosphericsoluble
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;J. A. Rizzolo;C. G. G. Barbosa;G. C. Borillo;A. F. L. Godoi;R. A. F. Souza;R. V. Andreoli;A. O. Manzi;M. O. Sá;E. G. Alves;C. Pöhlker;I. H. Angelis;F. Ditas;J. Saturno;D. Moran-Zuloaga;L. V. Rizzo;N. E. Rosário;T. Pauliquevis;R. M. N. Santos;C. I. Yamamoto;M. O. Andreae;P. Artaxo;P. E. Taylor;R. H. M. Godoi |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-17-2673-2017
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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