online measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from aircraft

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2013
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Abstract
A detailed understanding of the climate and air quality impacts of aviation requires measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) from aircraft. Currently both the amount and chemical composition of aircraft I/SVOC emissions remain poorly characterized. Here we characterize I/SVOC emissions from aircraft, using a novel instrument for the online, quantitative measurement of the mass loading and composition of low-volatility organic vapors. Emissions from the NASA DC8 aircraft were sampled on the ground 143 m downwind of the engines and characterized as a function of engine power from idle (4% maximum rated thrust) through 85% power. Results show that I/SVOC emissions are highest during engine idle operating conditions, with decreasing but non-zero I/SVOC emissions at higher engine powers. Comparison of I/SVOC emissions with total hydrocarbon (THC) measurements, VOC measurements, and an established emissions profile indicates that I/SVOCs comprise 10–20% of the total organic gas-phase emissions at idle, and an increasing fraction of the total gas-phase organic emissions at higher powers. Positive matrix factorization of online mass spectra is used to identify three distinct types of I/SVOC emissions: aliphatic, aromatic and oxygenated. The volatility and chemical composition of the emissions suggest that unburned fuel is the dominant source of I/SVOCs at idle, while pyrolysis products make up an increasing fraction of the I/SVOCs at higher powers. Oxygenated I/SVOC emissions were detected at lower engine powers (≤30%) and may be linked to cracked, partially oxidized or unburned fuel components.
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cross2013atmosphericonline Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;E. S. Cross;J. F. Hunter;A. J. Carrasquillo;J. P. Franklin;S. C. Herndon;J. T. Jayne;D. R. Worsnop;R. C. Miake-Lye;J. H. Kroll
Journal Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Year 2013
DOI
10.5194/acp-13-7845-2013
URL
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/7845/2013/acp-13-7845-2013.pdf
Keywords
physicschemistry

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