episodic neoglacial expansion and rapid 20th century retreat of a small ice cap on baffin island, arctic canada, and modeled temperature change
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2017
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Abstract
Records of Neoglacial glacier activity in the Arctic constructed from
moraines are often incomplete due to a preservation bias toward the most
extensive advance, often the Little Ice Age. Recent warming in the Arctic has
caused extensive retreat of glaciers over the past several decades, exposing
preserved landscapes complete with in situ tundra plants previously
entombed by ice. The radiocarbon ages of these plants define the timing of
snowline depression and glacier advance across the site, in response to local
summer cooling. Erosion rapidly removes most dead plants that have been
recently exposed by ice retreat, but where erosive processes are unusually
weak, dead plants may remain preserved on the landscape for decades. In such
settings, a transect of plant radiocarbon ages can be used to construct a
near-continuous chronology of past ice margin advance. Here we present
radiocarbon dates from the first such transect on Baffin Island, which
directly dates the advance of a small ice cap over the past two millennia.
The nature of ice expansion between 20 BCE and ∼ 1000 CE is
still uncertain, but episodic advances at ∼ 1000 CE, ∼ 1200, and ∼ 1500 led to the maximum Neoglacial dimensions ~ 1900 CE. We employ a two-dimensional numerical glacier model calibrated using the plant radiocarbon ages ice margin chronology to assess the sensitivity of the ice cap to temperature change. Model experiments show that at least ∼ 0.44 °C
of cooling over the past 2 kyr is required for the ice cap to reach its 1900 CE
margin, and that the period from ∼ 1000 to 1900 CE must have
been at least 0.25° C cooler than the previous millennium, results
that agree with regional temperature reconstructions and climate model
simulations. However, significant warming since 1900 CE is required to
explain retreat to its present position, and, at the same rate of warming,
the ice cap will disappear before 2100 CE.
| Reference Key |
pendleton2017climateepisodic
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;S. L. Pendleton;G. H. Miller;R. A. Anderson;S. E. Crump;Y. Zhong;A. Jahn;Á. Geirsdottir |
| Journal | proceedings - 16th ieee/acis international conference on computer and information science, icis 2017 |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/cp-13-1527-2017
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| URL | |
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