análisis económico de las perdidas presentadas por manejo postcosecha en fincas productoras de rosas en la sabana de bogotá. estudio de cinco casos economical analysis of post harvest handling in rose farms at bogotá. study of five cases
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ID: 238826
2001
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Abstract
Debido a la importancia económica y social de la producción y<br />exportación de flores para Colombia, se hace necesario un mayor aprovechamiento de la producción total de estas. Se ha encontrado que durante el proceso postcosecha se presenta gran cantidad de pérdida de tallos debido a deficiencias en las operaciones del proceso, disminuyendo en consecuencia la capacidad de las empresas para surtir mercados extranjeros y desde luego incidiendo en pérdidas económicas. En el desarrollo del presente estudio fueron estudiadas seis variedades: Tineke, Madamme Delbard, Charlotte, Aalsrneers Gold, Classy y First Red. Como objetivo general del estudio se pretendió establecer en cual de las operaciones del proceso postcosecha de rosas se presenta la mayor cantidad de pérdidas por manejo mecánico, al igual que cuantificar su monto económico. El procedimiento diseñado para la realización del presente estudio, se fundamentó en el seguimiento a 6 operaciones preestablecidas dentro del sistema de producción postcosecha<br />como componente fundamental de la cadena agro industrial de flores (rosas), en su orden: corte en campo, recepción en área postcosecha, clasificación, despetale, desespine y deshoje, y boncheo. En las operaciones mencionadas se analizó el número de tallos manipulados y de estos el número perdido, determinando los siguientes indicadores: pérdidas irrecuperables (pérdida total del tallo) y pérdidas por tallos que no clasifican en calidad de exportación y quedan para venta a nivel nacional. Al conocer el porcentaje de pérdida por manejo mecánico en la postcosecha y su equivalente económico para las empresas, se buscaban elementos<br />de juicio para tomar la decisión sobre la necesidad de<br />invertir en el mejoramiento del proceso. En el manejo de los resultados se observó que en las seis variedades de rosa estudiadas se presentan diferentes grados de resistencia al manipuleo. Las fincas donde se realizó la investigación han comenzado a tomar medidas para disminuir el porcentaje de pérdida por daño mecánico, con base a los resultados y recomendaciones de este trabajo. Tal porcentaje no es muy alto, pero si representa altas pérdidas económicas para las empresas. En ningún momento se debe olvidar que este estudio tomó en cuenta única y exclusivamente las pérdidas por daño mecánico. No se tuvo en cuenta las pérdidas por daño agronómico ni otros tipos de pérdida en el proceso postcosecha realizado en la finca, dado que no era objetivo en el marco de esta investigación.<br />
Due to the economical and social importance of production and export of flowers for Colombia, it is necessary a better advantage of the total production of these flowers. It has be en found, that during the postharvest process there is a big quantity loss of stems due to a deficient mechanical handling, decreasing, in fact the capacity of the enterprises to supply intemational markets. The six varieties studied were: Tineke, Madamme Delbard, Charlotte, Aalsrneer s Gold, Classy y First Red. To do this research, a tracking was kept on six predetermined operations that are part of the production postharvest system, those are: cut in the field, reception at the postharvest area, classification, take off petals, take off leafs and thorns, and bunching. In this operations the number ofstems handled were analyzed, and from them, the number of losses, which would obtain the following indicators: unrecoverable losses (totalloss of the stem) and losses due to sale of the stem in the national market. When the percentage of losses due to mechanical handling during postharvest and the economical equivalent are known, there are judging elements that will determine whether to invest in the improvement of the process. The study attempted to determine, due to mechanical mishandling, which phases of the process resulted in the larger amount of losses. In fact, was found that the six varieties have diffcrent levels of endurance to the handling. The farms where the study took place have made decisions necessary to decrease the percentage oflosses due to mechanical damage, taking as starting point this research. Although this percentage is not too high, it does represents high economical losses to the company. <br />
Due to the economical and social importance of production and export of flowers for Colombia, it is necessary a better advantage of the total production of these flowers. It has be en found, that during the postharvest process there is a big quantity loss of stems due to a deficient mechanical handling, decreasing, in fact the capacity of the enterprises to supply intemational markets. The six varieties studied were: Tineke, Madamme Delbard, Charlotte, Aalsrneer s Gold, Classy y First Red. To do this research, a tracking was kept on six predetermined operations that are part of the production postharvest system, those are: cut in the field, reception at the postharvest area, classification, take off petals, take off leafs and thorns, and bunching. In this operations the number ofstems handled were analyzed, and from them, the number of losses, which would obtain the following indicators: unrecoverable losses (totalloss of the stem) and losses due to sale of the stem in the national market. When the percentage of losses due to mechanical handling during postharvest and the economical equivalent are known, there are judging elements that will determine whether to invest in the improvement of the process. The study attempted to determine, due to mechanical mishandling, which phases of the process resulted in the larger amount of losses. In fact, was found that the six varieties have diffcrent levels of endurance to the handling. The farms where the study took place have made decisions necessary to decrease the percentage oflosses due to mechanical damage, taking as starting point this research. Although this percentage is not too high, it does represents high economical losses to the company. <br />
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| Authors | ;Duque Oscar;Acevedo Ricardo;Rodríguez Luis Felipe;Villamizar Fanny |
| Journal | Indian journal of pediatrics |
| Year | 2001 |
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| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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