non-stomatal exchange in ammonia dry deposition models: comparison of two state-of-the-art approaches
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2016
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Abstract
The accurate representation of bidirectional ammonia (NH3)
biosphere–atmosphere exchange is an important part of modern air quality
models. However, the cuticular (or external leaf surface) pathway, as well as
other non-stomatal ecosystem surfaces, still pose a major challenge to
translating our knowledge into models. Dynamic mechanistic models including
complex leaf surface chemistry have been able to accurately reproduce
measured bidirectional fluxes in the past, but their computational expense
and challenging implementation into existing air quality models call for
steady-state simplifications. Here we qualitatively compare two
semi-empirical state-of-the-art parameterizations of a unidirectional
non-stomatal resistance (Rw) model after Massad et al. (2010),
and a quasi-bidirectional non-stomatal compensation-point (χw) model after Wichink Kruit et al. (2010), with NH3 flux
measurements from five European sites. In addition, we tested the feasibility
of using backward-looking moving averages of air NH3 concentrations as a
proxy for prior NH3 uptake and as a driver of an alternative parameterization
of non-stomatal emission potentials (Γw) for
bidirectional non-stomatal exchange models. Results indicate that the
Rw-only model has a tendency to underestimate fluxes, while the
χw model mainly overestimates fluxes, although systematic
underestimations can occur under certain conditions, depending on temperature
and ambient NH3 concentrations at the site. The proposed Γw parameterization revealed a clear functional relationship
between backward-looking moving averages of air NH3 concentrations and
non-stomatal emission potentials, but further reduction of uncertainty is
needed for it to be useful across different sites. As an interim solution for
improving flux predictions, we recommend reducing the minimum allowed
Rw and the temperature response parameter in the unidirectional
model and revisiting the temperature-dependent Γw
parameterization of the bidirectional model.
| Reference Key |
schrader2016atmosphericnon-stomatal
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;F. Schrader;C. Brümmer;C. R. Flechard;R. J. Wichink Kruit;M. C. van Zanten;U. Zöll;A. Hensen;J. W. Erisman;J. W. Erisman |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2016 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-16-13417-2016
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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