modes of vertical thermodynamic and wind variability over the maritime continent
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2017
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Abstract
The Maritime Continent (MC) is an exceedingly complex
region from the perspective of both its meteorology and its aerosol
characteristics. Convection in the MC is ubiquitous and assumes a wide
variety of forms under the influence of an evolving large-scale dynamic and
thermodynamic context. Understanding the interaction between convective
systems and their environment, both individually and in the aggregate,
requires knowledge of the dominant patterns of spatial and temporal
variability. Ongoing cloud model ensemble studies require realistic
perturbations to the atmospheric thermodynamic state to devise system
sensitivities. Apart from modeling studies, evanescent signals in the
tropical system are obscured by the underlying broad-scale meteorological
variability, which if constrained could illuminate fine-scale physical processes.
To this end, radiosonde observations from 2008 to 2016 are examined from three upper-air sounding sites within the MC for the purpose of exploring the dominant vertical temperature, humidity, and wind structures in the region. Principal component analysis is applied to the vertical atmospheric column to transform patterns present in radiosonde data into canonical thermodynamic and wind profiles for the MC. Both rotated and non-rotated principal components are considered, and the emerging structure functions reflect the fundamental vertical modes of short-term tropical variability. The results indicate that while there is tremendous spatial and temporal variability across the MC, the primary modes of vertical thermodynamic and wind variability in the region can be represented in a lower-dimensional subspace. In addition, the vertical structures are very similar among different sites around the region, though different structures may manifest more strongly at one location than another. The results indicate that, while different meteorology may be found in various parts of the MC at any given time, the processes themselves are remarkably consistent. The ability to represent this variability using a limited number of structure functions facilitates analysis of covariability between atmospheric structure and convective systems and also enables future systematic model-based ensemble analysis of cloud development, convection, and precipitation over the MC.
To this end, radiosonde observations from 2008 to 2016 are examined from three upper-air sounding sites within the MC for the purpose of exploring the dominant vertical temperature, humidity, and wind structures in the region. Principal component analysis is applied to the vertical atmospheric column to transform patterns present in radiosonde data into canonical thermodynamic and wind profiles for the MC. Both rotated and non-rotated principal components are considered, and the emerging structure functions reflect the fundamental vertical modes of short-term tropical variability. The results indicate that while there is tremendous spatial and temporal variability across the MC, the primary modes of vertical thermodynamic and wind variability in the region can be represented in a lower-dimensional subspace. In addition, the vertical structures are very similar among different sites around the region, though different structures may manifest more strongly at one location than another. The results indicate that, while different meteorology may be found in various parts of the MC at any given time, the processes themselves are remarkably consistent. The ability to represent this variability using a limited number of structure functions facilitates analysis of covariability between atmospheric structure and convective systems and also enables future systematic model-based ensemble analysis of cloud development, convection, and precipitation over the MC.
| Reference Key |
bukowski2017atmosphericmodes
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| Authors | ;J. Bukowski;D. J. Posselt;J. S. Reid;S. A. Atwood |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-17-4611-2017
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| URL | |
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