diferenças morfológicas entre amaranthus cruentus, cv. brs alegria, e as plantas daninhas a. hybridus, a. retroflexus, a. viridis e a. spinosus morphological differences between amaranthus cruentus, cv. brs alegria, and the weed species a. hybridus, a. retroflexus, a. viridis and a. spinosus

Clicks: 284
ID: 231693
2003
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Abstract
O pseudocereal amaranto, com as espécies Amaranthus caudatus, A. cruentus e A. hypochondriacus, domesticado pelas populações indígenas antes que a América fosse descoberta, tem se adaptado aos sistemas produtivos dos cerrados. A planta apresenta panículas apicais, divididas em pequenos ramos com frutos do tipo pixídio, com uma semente cada. Estas germinam rapidamente em presença de umidade, após atingirem a maturação fisiológica. No início da fase vegetativa, o amaranto cultivado pode confundir-se com espécies de plantas daninhas do mesmo gênero (A. hybridus, A. retroflexus, A. viridis e A. spinosus), as quais estão associadas à expansão agrícola. As diferenças morfológicas tornam-se mais visíveis após o florescimento: ramificações com flores axilares e terminais, em contraste com o amaranto, no qual a inflorescência (panícula) é apical; as sementes claras das espécies cultivadas contrastam com as das invasoras, que são escuras. BRS Alegria (A. cruentus), cultivar pioneiro no Brasil, apresenta plantas com 180 cm, das quais a panícula ocupa 48 cm; maturação fisiológica aos 90 dias; resistência ao acamamento; e 0,68 g por 1.000 sementes, com produção de 2,3 t ha¹ (sementes) e 5,6 t ha-1 (biomassa total). As sementes nas plantas daninhas são menores, germinam gradativamente e podem permanecer no solo por muitos anos, infestando as áreas. As diferenças morfológicas detectadas na experimentação demonstram que as espécies são distinguíveis; elas contribuem para orientar a produção de sementes e o cultivo comercial de amaranto, enfatizando as características de adaptação, em contraste com as das invasoras do mesmo gênero botânico.
The pseudocereal grain amaranth, with the species Amaranthus caudatus, A. ruentus e A. hypochondriacus, domesticated by indigenous populations before America was discovered, has shown adaptability to production systems in the Brazilian savannah. The plants present apical panicles, divided into small branches which hold fruits (pixid type), containing one seed each. The seeds germinate quickly in the presence of moisture, after physiological maturity. At the early phase of development, grain amaranth can be confounded with the weed species A. hybridus, A. retroflexus, A. viridis, A. spinosus, which are associated with agricultural expansion in the savannah. Their morphological differences become more visible after flowering: branching, with axilary and terminal flowers in weed types contrasting with cultivated amaranth, in which panicles are apical; the light coloured seed testa contrasts with the black seed testas of the weed species. BRS Alegria (A. cruentus), the pioneer cultivar in Brazil, presents 180 cm plant height, of which the panicle occupies 48 cm; physiological maturity at 90 days; resistance to lodging; seed weight of 0.68 g per 1.000, with yields of 2.3 t ha-1 (seed) and 5.6 t ha-1 (total biomass). The seeds of weed types are smaller, germinate gradually and may remain in soil for many years, infesting cultivated areas. The morphological differences detected under experimentation show that the species are distinguishable; they contribute to guiding grain amaranth seed production and commercial cultivation, emphasizing adaptation characteristics, in contrast to t weed seeds from the same botanical genus.
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Authors ;C.R. Spehar
Journal anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry
Year 2003
DOI
10.1590/S0100-83582003000300017
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582003000300017
Keywords
germination dormancy germinação

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