safeguard against dna sensing: the role of trex1 in hiv-1 infection and autoimmune diseases
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2014
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Abstract
Innate immune recognition is crucial for host responses against viral infections, including infection by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Human cells detect such invading pathogens with a collection of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate the production of antiviral proteins, such as the cytokine interferon-type I, to initiate antiviral responses immediately as well as the adaptive immune response for long-term protection. To establish infection in the host, many viruses have thus evolved strategies for subversion of these mechanisms of innate immunity. For example, acute infection by HIV-1 and other retroviruses have long been thought to be non-immunogenic, signifying suppression of host defenses by these pathogens. Studies in the past few years have begun to uncover a multifaceted scheme of how HIV-1 evades innate immune detection, especially of its DNA, by exploiting host proteins. This review will discuss the host mechanisms of HIV-1 DNA sensing and viral immune evasion, with a particular focus on TREX1, a host 3’ to 5’ exodeoxyribonuclease (also known as DNase III).
| Reference Key |
eyan2014frontierssafeguard
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| Authors | ;Nan eYan;Maroof eHasan |
| Journal | journal of magnetic resonance (san diego, calif : 1997) |
| Year | 2014 |
| DOI |
10.3389/fmicb.2014.00193
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