características de solos construídos após mineração de carvão relacionadas ao processo de construção e à composição do material utilizado constructed soils characteristics after coal mining related to construction process and to material composition utilized
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ID: 219574
2008
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Abstract
A mineração de carvão a céu aberto envolve a remoção do solo e de camadas geológicas, que devem ser repostos na seqüência original, visando a reabilitação das áreas mineradas. Este processo altera as características originais do solo e da paisagem. Neste sentido, perfis de solos construídos há 24 e 2 anos, em duas áreas mineradas no município de Minas do Leão (RS), foram avaliados quanto ao processo e à composição dos materiais utilizados na construção. Quanto ao processo de construção, foram determinadas as características morfológicas, a densidade, a condutividade hidraulica saturada e a capacidade de infiltração de água no solo. Em relação à composição dos materiais, determinaram-se granulometria, capacidade de traoca de cátions (CTC), teor de carbono orgânico (CO) e potenciais de neutralização e acidificação. Em ambas as áreas reconstituídas, o processo de construção aumentou a densidade e diminuiu a condutividade hidráulica saturada e a capacidade de infiltração de água no solo. A granulometria, a CTC e o teor de CO foram similares nas duas áreas amostradas, indicando que o processo de construção e os materiais utilizados foram semelhantes. A diminuição dos potenciais de neutralização e acidificação nos perfis de solos construídos há 24 anos indicou um avanço da sulfurização com o tempo de construção dos solos. Os solos em ambas as áreas apresentam sérias limitações para o desenvolvimento de vegetação, influindo negativamente para a recuperação dessas áreas e de áreas adjacentes.
Coal stripmining involves the removal of upper soil and geological layers, which must be relocated in a similar way that in the original profile when reconstructing the landscape. As this process changes soil and landscape characteristics, this study evaluated changes related to composition of materials and construction process in soils reconstructed 2 and 24 years ago, in Boa Vista Coal Mining, in Minas do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The construction processes were evaluated by morphologic characteristics, soil density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water infiltration capacity, particle size distribution, cation exchange capacity, carbon content, and neutralization and acidification potential. In both reconstructed areas, the construction process increased soil density and reduced both saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and soil water infiltration. No significant difference was found between sample sets of 2 and 24 years for particle size distribution, cation exchange capacity and carbon content, indicating that construction processes and the materials were similar. The decrease of neutralization and acidification potentials in soils built 24 years ago indicated an increase in sulfurization as time since soil reconstruction increases. Due to alterations in soils, both areas present serious limitations for vegetation development, influencing negatively the recovery of mining sites and adjacent areas.
Coal stripmining involves the removal of upper soil and geological layers, which must be relocated in a similar way that in the original profile when reconstructing the landscape. As this process changes soil and landscape characteristics, this study evaluated changes related to composition of materials and construction process in soils reconstructed 2 and 24 years ago, in Boa Vista Coal Mining, in Minas do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The construction processes were evaluated by morphologic characteristics, soil density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water infiltration capacity, particle size distribution, cation exchange capacity, carbon content, and neutralization and acidification potential. In both reconstructed areas, the construction process increased soil density and reduced both saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and soil water infiltration. No significant difference was found between sample sets of 2 and 24 years for particle size distribution, cation exchange capacity and carbon content, indicating that construction processes and the materials were similar. The decrease of neutralization and acidification potentials in soils built 24 years ago indicated an increase in sulfurization as time since soil reconstruction increases. Due to alterations in soils, both areas present serious limitations for vegetation development, influencing negatively the recovery of mining sites and adjacent areas.
| Reference Key |
quinnes2008cinciacaractersticas
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| Authors | ;Oscar Rafael Gadea Quinõnes;Alberto Vasconcellos Inda Junior;Elvio Giasson;Carlos Alberto Bissani;Deborah Pinheiro Dick |
| Journal | Trials |
| Year | 2008 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0103-84782008000600012
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