unexpectedly high ultrafine aerosol concentrations above east antarctic sea ice
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2016
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Abstract
Better characterisation of aerosol processes in pristine, natural environments,
such as Antarctica, have recently been shown to lead to the largest reduction
in uncertainties in our understanding of radiative forcing. Our understanding
of aerosols in the Antarctic region is currently based on measurements that
are often limited to boundary layer air masses at spatially sparse
coastal and continental research stations, with only a handful of
studies in the vast sea-ice region. In this paper, the first
observational study of sub-micron aerosols in the East Antarctic sea
ice region is presented. Measurements were conducted aboard the
icebreaker Aurora Australis in spring 2012 and found that
boundary layer condensation nuclei (CN3) concentrations exhibited
a five-fold increase moving across the polar front, with mean polar
cell concentrations of 1130 cm−3 – higher than any
observed elsewhere in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean region. The
absence of evidence for aerosol growth suggested that nucleation was
unlikely to be local. Air parcel trajectories indicated significant
influence from the free troposphere above the Antarctic continent,
implicating this as the likely nucleation region for surface
aerosol, a similar conclusion to previous Antarctic aerosol
studies. The highest aerosol concentrations were found to correlate
with low-pressure systems, suggesting that the passage of cyclones
provided an accelerated pathway, delivering air masses quickly from
the free troposphere to the surface. After descent from the
Antarctic free troposphere, trajectories suggest that sea-ice
boundary layer air masses travelled equatorward into the low-albedo
Southern Ocean region, transporting with them emissions and these
aerosol nuclei which, after growth, may potentially impact on the
region's radiative balance. The high aerosol concentrations and
their transport pathways described here, could help reduce the
discrepancy currently present between simulations and observations
of cloud and aerosol over the Southern Ocean.
| Reference Key |
humphries2016atmosphericunexpectedly
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;R. S. Humphries;R. S. Humphries;A. R. Klekociuk;A. R. Klekociuk;R. Schofield;R. Schofield;M. Keywood;J. Ward;S. R. Wilson |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2016 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-16-2185-2016
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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