direct observations of organic aerosols in common wintertime hazes in north china: insights into direct emissions from chinese residential stoves
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2017
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Abstract
Many studies have focused on the physicochemical properties of aerosol
particles in unusually severe haze episodes in North China instead of the
more frequent and less severe hazes. Consistent with this lack of attention,
the morphology and mixing state of organic matter (OM) particles in the
frequent light and moderate (L & M) hazes in winter in the North China Plain (NCP)
have not been examined, even though OM dominates these fine particles.
In the present work, morphology, mixing state, and size of organic aerosols
in the L & M hazes were systematically characterized using transmission
electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,
atomic force microscopy, and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometer, with
the comparisons among an urban site (Jinan, S1), a mountain site (Mt. Tai,
S2), and a background island site (Changdao, S3) in the same hazes. Based on
their morphologies, the OM particles were divided into six different types:
spherical (type 1), near-spherical (type 2), irregular (type 3), domelike
(type 4), dispersed-OM (type 5), and OM-coating (type 6). In the three
sampling sites, types 1–3 of OM particles were most abundant in the L & M
hazes and most of them were internally mixed with non-OM particles. The
abundant near-spherical OM particles with higher sphericity and lower aspect
ratio indicate that these primary OM particles formed in the cooling process
after polluted plumes were emitted from coal combustion and biomass burning.
Based on the Si-O-C ratio in OM particles, we estimated that 71 % of type 1–3 OM particles were associated with coal combustion. Our result suggests
that coal combustion in residential stoves was a widespread source from
urban to rural areas in NCP. Average OM thickness which correlates with the
age of the air masses in type 6 particles only slightly increased from S1 to
S2 to S3, suggesting that the L & M hazes were usually dry (relative
humidity < 60 %) with weak photochemistry and heterogeneous
reactions between particles and gases. We conclude that the direct emissions
from these coal stoves without any pollution controls in rural areas and in
urban outskirts contribute large amounts of primary OM particles to the
regional L & M hazes in North China.
| Reference Key |
chen2017atmosphericdirect
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;S. Chen;L. Xu;Y. Zhang;B. Chen;X. Wang;X. Zhang;M. Zheng;J. Chen;W. Wang;Y. Sun;P. Fu;Z. Wang;W. Li |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-17-1259-2017
|
| URL | |
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