el legionario romano en la época de las guerras púnicas : formas de combate individual, táctica de pequeñas unidades e influencias hispanas
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Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta en primer lugar un breve resumen de la evolución del primitivo ejército romano para mejor comprender algunas de las peculiaridades del ejército ‘manipular’ en los siglos IV-II a.C. tal y como es descrito por Livio y Polibio. A continuación analizamos el manejo de las armas –en particular el escudo oval, el pilum y la espada de época republicana (el gladius hispaniensis)—, enfatizando el empleo activo del primero, así como el amplio espacio necesario para manejar adecuadamente las armas ofensivas. Igualmente se discute y rechaza la teoría de que el pilum se diseñaba para que su hierro se doblara al clavarse en un blanco. A partir de estos datos examinamos la forma de combate del ejército romano ‘manipular’, y discutimos un nuevo modelo sobre la duración del combate y las formaciones y tácticas empleadas. Creemos que los manípulos combatían en un orden mucho más abierto y ‘desordenado’ de lo que suele asumirse, y que los combates eran mucho más prolongados y vacilantes de lo que suele creerse. Finalmente, defendemos que las formas de combate individual y de pequeñas unidades de los romanos y los pueblos peninsulares entre los siglos III y II a.C. eran bastante similares.
In this paper we first examine briefly the evolution of the early Roman armies in order to gain a better understanding of some of the peculiarities of the Roman ‘manipular’ army between the Fourth and the Second Centuries BC. as described by Livy and Polybius. We then analyze weapon handling —particularly of the oval scutum, the pilum and the gladius hispaniensis—, emphasizing the active rather than the passive use of the former, and the large individual sopcing essential for the correct use of Republican offensive weapons. We also discuss and reject the theory that pila shanks were designed to bend on impact. We then proceed, starting from this analysis of individual fighting techniques, to examine the small-unit tactics of the Roman manipular army, discussing a new, emerging model. We agree with some recent scholarly research in that maniples fought in a a seemingly ‘disordered’ and quite open order, and that combat was much more prolonged, indecisive and tentative that is often assumed in the ‘standard’ model of Roman infantry tactics. Finaly, we maintain that the individual fighting techniques and small-unit combat tactics of the Roman army and of the peoples of the Iberian Peninsula closely resembled each other during Hannibal’s War and the early conquest of the Peninsula.
| Reference Key |
sanz2003espacio,el
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| Authors | ;Fernando Quesada Sanz |
| Journal | advances in bioinformatics |
| Year | 2003 |
| DOI |
10.5944/etfii.16.2003.4415
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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